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147 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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¿Que tiempo hace? |
How's the weather? |
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Esta despejado |
It's clear |
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Esta muy nublado |
It's very cloudy |
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Hace buen tiempo |
The weather is nice |
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Hace mal tiempo |
The weather is bad |
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Hace mucho calor |
it's very hot |
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Hace fresco |
It's cool |
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Hace mucho frio |
It's very cold |
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Hace mucho sol |
It's very sunny |
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Hace mucho viento |
It's very windy |
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Hay mucha niebla |
It's very foggy |
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Llueve |
Its raining |
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Nieva |
Its snowing |
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llover // (o:ue) |
to rain |
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nevar // (e:ie) |
to snow |
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el aeropuerto |
airport |
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la agencia de viajes |
travel agency |
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el agente de viajes |
travel agent |
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la agente de viajes |
travel agent |
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la cabana |
cabin |
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el campo |
countryside
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la estacion de autobuses |
bus station |
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la estacion del metro |
subway station |
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el inspector de aduanas |
customs officer |
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la inspectora de aduanas |
customs officer |
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la llegada |
arrival |
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el mar |
ocean |
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el pasaje (de ida y vuelta) |
(round-trip) ticket |
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el pasaje |
ticket |
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la salida |
departure / exit |
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la tienda de campana |
tent |
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el viajero |
traveler |
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la viajera |
traveler |
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el pasaporte |
passport |
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la llave |
key |
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el botones |
doorman |
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el alojamiento |
lodging |
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el ascensor |
elevator |
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la cama |
bed |
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el empleado |
employee |
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la empleada |
employee |
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el equipaje |
luggage |
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la habitacion individual |
single room |
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el hotel |
hotel |
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la habitacion doble |
double room |
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el huesped |
guest |
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la huesped |
guest |
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la pension |
boarding house |
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el piso |
floor (of a building)
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la planta baja |
ground floor |
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acampar |
to camp |
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la estacion del tren |
train station |
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confirmar una reservacion |
to confirm a reservation |
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estar de vacaciones |
to be on vacation |
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hacer turismo |
to take a tour |
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hacer un viaje |
to take a trip |
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hacer una excursion |
to go on a hike / to go on a tour |
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ir a la playa |
to go on the beach |
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ir de pesca |
to go fishing |
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ir de vacaciones |
to go on vacation |
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ir en autobus |
to go by bus |
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ir en automovil |
to go by car |
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ir en avion |
to go by plane |
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ir en barco |
to go by boat |
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ir en taxi |
to go by taxi |
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pasar por la aduana |
to go through customs |
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pescar |
to fish |
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el invierno |
winter |
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la primavera |
spring |
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el verano |
summer |
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el ontono |
autumn |
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el ano |
year |
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la estacion |
season |
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el mes |
month |
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primer |
first |
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primero / primera |
first |
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segundo / segunda |
second |
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tercer |
third |
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tercero / tercera |
third |
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cuarto / cuarta |
fourth |
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quinto / quinta |
fifth |
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sexto / sexta |
sixth |
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septimo / septima |
seventh |
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octavo / ocatava |
eighth |
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noveno / novena |
ninth |
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decimo / decima |
tenth |
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ir en motocicleta |
to go by motorcycle |
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sacar fotos |
to take photos |
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hacer las maletas |
to pack [for trip] |
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montar a caballo |
mount a horse / ride a horse |
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ahora mismo |
right now |
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todavia |
yet / still |
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¿Cual es la fecha de hoy? |
What is today's date? |
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Hoy es el primero de marzo |
Today is March first |
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Hoy es el dos (tres..cuatro...) de marzo |
Today is March second |
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estar: conditions and emotions
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to be *used to talk about how people feel and to say where people, places and things are located (pg. 42) -ex: Juan esta en la biblioteca. (Juan is at the library.) *used with adj. to describe the physical condition of nouns. -ex: Todo esta muy limpio. (Everything is very clean.) *used with adj. to describe how people feel. -ex: Yo estoy cansada. (I am tired.) |
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abierto / abierta |
open minded |
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aburrido / aburrida |
bored |
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alegre |
happy |
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amable |
friendly |
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avergonzado / avergonzada |
embarrassed |
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cansado / cansada |
tired |
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cerrado / cerrada |
closed |
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comodo / comoda |
comfortable |
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contento / contenta |
content |
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desordenado / desordenada |
disorderly |
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enamorado / enamorada |
in love [with] |
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enojado / enojada |
mad / angry |
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equivocado / equivocada part of speech? |
wrong (adj.) |
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feliz / felices (sing. / pl.) |
happy / happy [+ things] or happiest |
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limpio / limpia |
clean |
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nervioso / nerviosa |
nervous |
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ocupado / ocupada |
occupied / busy |
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ordenado / ordenada |
orderly |
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preocupado (por) / preocupada (por) |
worried (about) |
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seguro / segura |
sure / safe |
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sucio / sucia |
dirty |
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triste |
sad |
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estar: present progressive |
to be (expresses [-ing]) ex: Los chicos estan jugando. ......The kids are playing ex: Estoy haciendo las maletas. ......I am packing. *(present progressive^) = estar + present ..participle ex: Estamos esperado. ......We are singing. |
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present participle of regular verbs (-ar verbs, -er verbs, -ir verbs) |
Infinitive > Stem + Ending = Present Part........ -------------....--------......----------....------------------........ hablar ....... habl-..+.. -ando..=.. hablando ------------------------------------------------------------------- comer........ com-..+.. -iendo..=.. comiendo ------------------------------------------------------------------- escribir..... escrib-..+..-iendo..=.. escribiendo * QUICK RULE: [-ar] verb --> ando [-er] verb --> iendo [-ir] verb --> iendo |
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present participle of irregular yo form verbs (ends in vowel + [-er] , ends in vowel + [-ir]) |
Infinitive > Stem + Ending = Present Part......... -------------....--------......----------....---------------............ leer............ le-....+..... -yendo..=.. leyendo ------------------------------------------------------------------- oir.............. o-.....+..... -yendo..=.. oyendo ------------------------------------------------------------------- traer.......... tra-....+.... -yendo..=.. trayendo *QUICK RULE: stem - ( [-ir] / [-er] ) + [-yendo] = Present Part (leave stem as is, drop [-ir] / [-er] infinitive ending, add present participle ending) -For [-er] AND [-ir] verbs whose stem ends in a vowel {irregular stem verbs},the present participle ends with [-yendo]. |
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irregular present participles (ir, poder, venir) (3) |
definition / irregular present participle (going / yendo, can / pudiendo, coming / viniedo) |
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irregular present participles: -ir (stem changing verbs > stem changing present tense) stems (3) : (e:ie / e:i / o:ue) |
Infinitive > verb stem > stem change present tense = present particple ------------------------------------------------------------------- ................................(e:ie)..................................... preferir..prefer-........prefier-........= prefiriendo sentir .....sent-...........sient-...........= sintiendo ------------------------------------------------------------------- ..................................(e:i)...................................... conseguir......conseg-................consig-.....................= consiguiendo pedir......ped-............pid-................= pidiendo seguir.....segu-...........sigu-..............= suguiendo ------------------------------------------------------------------- ..................................(o:ue)..................................... domir...dom-..........duem-.............= durmiendo *QUICK RULE: (e:ie) --> stem: -[e] , (drop the 'e') ------------------------------------------------------------------- (e:i) --> stem: +-[i], (leave the 'i' as is) ------------------------------------------------------------------- (o:ue) --> stem: -[e], (drop the 'e') ** ending: [-ir] + [-iendo] {(e:ie) , (e:i) , (o:ue) ALL [-ir] STEM CHANGING VERBS HAVE THE SAME PRESENT PARTICIPLE ENDING ([-iendo]) } |
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using present progressive |
*Never use present progressive for something that will happen in the future. -ex: I am studying. [correct] I am studying tonight. [incorrect]
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verb ending > present participle ending |
* -ar verbs --> [-ar] / [-ando] *-er verbs --> [-er] / [-iendo] *-ir verbs ---> [-ir] / [-iendo] *irregular verbs (vowel stems, i.e. leer): [-er] or [-ir]/ [-yendo] |
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Uses of ser (9) versus uses of estar (6) |
(Both mean "to be", but they have different purposes.) ser: nationality, origin, occupation, characteristics of people and things, generalizations, possesion, what something is made of, time / date, when / where an event occurs. *think: permanent, cannot change estar: location / spatial relationships, health, physical state, emotional state, certain weather expressions, ongoing actions (progressive tenses, i.e. She is sleeping. ) *think: temporary, can change |
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ser and estar with adjectives |
With many adjectives, both ser and estar can be used, but the meaning changes.
ser: statements with ser describe inherent (permanent) qualities (personality). -ex: Juan es nervioso. ( Juan is a nervous person) estar: estar describes temporary and changing feelings (emotions). -ex: Juan esta nervioso hoy. ( Juan is nervous today.) *The meaning of some adjs. changes completely depending on whether they are used with ser or estar. (think of context.. is vs. is feeling) -ex: La profesora es mala. (The profesor is bad. ) versus.. La profesora esta mala. (The profesor is feeling bad / sick) * object + ser seguro = to be safe -ex: El ascensor es seguro. (The elevator is safe.) |
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direct object nouns and pronouns: purposes* |
-A direct object noun receives the action of the verb directly and generally follows the verb. -example: ¿Que esta ella leyendo? (What is she reading?) Ella + esta leyendo = un libro (subject + verb = direct object noun) *The direct object noun answers the question. ------------------------------------------------------------------- -Direct object pronouns replace direct object nouns.. (D.O. > D.O.P) *Like English, Spanish sometimes uses a direct object pronoun to avoid repetition. -example: Maribel hace las maletas -> Maribel las hace. (Maribel is packing -> Maribel packs them.) -example: Vicky tiene la llave -> Vicky la tiene (Vicky has the key -> Vicky has it) |
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direct object nouns and pronouns: personal a |
*personal a: When a direct object noun is a person or a pet, it is preceded by the word a. There is no English equivalent but (think: serves purpose of "dear". may be an article for endearment / importance. Used when you have personal feelings toward someone or something. It is not used for things which no emotions are felt i.e. milk - insignificant, giraffe - not your pet)
-ex: Marta busca a su perro Lucas. (Marta is looking for her dog, Lucas.) -ex: Escucho al professor. (I am listening to the professor.) |
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direct object pronouns: singular (me, you, him, her) (4) |
singular forms --------------------- me -> me te -> you lo -> you / him la -> you / her |
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direct object pronouns: plural (us, you, them) (4) |
plural forms ----------------- nos -> us os -> you (m/f) los -> you / them (m) las -> you / them (f) |
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direct object pronouns: uses |
-It is common to use the direct object pronoun when the direct object noun has been mentioned before. -ex: ¿Quieres a tu madre? (Do you love your mother?) Si, la quiero mucho. (Yes, I love her very much.) |
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estar: certain weather epressions |
-ex: Esta nublado. (It is cloudy) |
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direct object pronouns: how to use with present progressive and infinitive (ir a + [infinitive])..* |
-the direct object pronoun can be attached to the present participle / infinitive. -examples: Laura las esta escribiendo -> Laura esta escribiendolas (Laura is writing -> Laura is writing them) (present progressive) Lo vamos a hacer -> Vamos a hacerlo (What we will do -> Let's do it) ir a + [inf.] Las va a confirmar -> Va a confirmarlas (I will go to confirm it -> You will do to confirm it) *what was done: taken from in front of conj. verb and placed at the end of the present progressive / infinitive.
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direct object pronouns: how to use in affirmative sentences and questions (positive / negation) |
-Direct object pronouns generally appear before the conjugated verb. -In negative sentences / questions, the pronoun is placed between the word no and the verb. -examples: positive -> negation Katia las tiene -> Katia no las tiene (Katia has them -> Katia does not have them) ¿Lo quieres? -> No lo quieres (Do you want it? -> No, I do not want it) |
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enero |
january |
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febrero |
feburary |
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marzo |
march |
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abril |
april |
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mayo |
may |
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junio |
june |
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julio |
july |
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agosto |
august |
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septiembre |
september |
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octubre |
october |
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noviembre |
november |
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diciembre |
december |
