Span Vocab 6A

Front 1

Past tenses action vs nonaction

Back 1

action-verb is preterite except: habitual actions, interrupted actions, photographic actions, or future in the past(Me sentía triste porque mi mejor amiga se casaba ese fin de semana/ Esa noche iba a cenar con mis amigos). Non-action verb is imperfect except: change(Estaba en una fiesta cuando llamaste), time limitation(Estuvimos en esa fiesta unas tres horas), event(Mi madre tuvo mi hermano)

Front 2

Past-tense beginning-middle-end

Back 2

preterite is beginning or end, imperfect is the middle

Front 3

Perfect tenses

Back 3

are used to focus on the completion of an action in relation to a moment, present or past

Front 4

Present perfect indicative: He regresado

Back 4

refers to completed events in relation to the present.

Front 5

Future perfect- hambremos terminado para las cinco

Back 5

refers to a future event that will have been completed by a specific time or after another event in the future

Front 6

Past perfect- Ya había…

Back 6

refers to an event prior to another one in the past

Front 7

Conditional perfect- habrían terminado

Back 7

refers to an event that is the future in relation to another event in the past, also referring to an action in the past prior to another one in the past. (Por qué piensas que esa estudiante se aburría en clase el semester pasado?- No sé. Ya habría leído los mismos libros para otra clase)

Front 8

Present perfect subjunctive- haya llegado

Back 8

describes an event that is completed in relation to the present ( Me sorprende que haya llegado tarde)

Front 9

Pluperfect subjunctive- hubiera cenado

Back 9

describes an event the was completed before another in the past.

Front 10

Simple progressive-Vamos

Back 10

used to express an ongoing action

Front 11

Present progressive-estoy trabajando

Back 11

refers to ongoing actions in the present, never referring to the future

Front 12

Past progressive- estaba trabajando

Back 12

ongoing or finished action in the past, never as a future of the past.

Front 13

Conditionalk present progressive- Celia me dijo que el proxima día, estaría cenando a las seis

Back 13

refers to an ongoing action that is the future in the past, or probability for an ongoing action in the past (maybe she was sleeping)

Front 14

Subjunctive present progressive- estén comiendo

Back 14

an ongoing action in the present colored by the subjunctive

Front 15

Subjunctive imperfect progressive- No podia creer que estuvieran peleando todavía.

Back 15

refers to an ongoing action in the past colored by the subjunctive

Front 16

Probability in the preterite or present perfect

Back 16

- use future perfect- habrá ido al cine(I guess he went to the movies)

Front 17

Imperfect probability of the past-He probably was at the movies

Back 17

Estaría en el cine.

Front 18

Probability-verbs of action-he was probably bathing

Back 18

Estaría bañándose.

Front 19

Probability-pluperfect-He must have gone out early

Back 19

Habría salido temprano.

Front 20

Subjunctive – independent clauses

Back 20

phrases introduced by ojalá, quizá, and tal vez.

Front 21

Nominal clause

Back 21

behaves like a noun: Quiero pan or Quiero –que me ayudes-

Front 22

Subjunctive-nominal clauses-definition

Back 22

if the verb indicates fact or truth, the the subordinate clause is in the indicative- examples to see, to notice, to observe, to be clear, obvious, true. Anything else is subjunctive-ie: emotion, desire, approval, feeling, volition, influence, etc.

Front 23

Subjunctive-parecer, creer, pensar

Back 23

only subjunctive if there is doubt in the mind of the speaker or if parecer is followed by an adjective

Front 24

Subjunctive-sentir

Back 24

siento que voy: I feel that I am going to /siento que estés – I am sorry that you…

Front 25

Subjuntive-expressions of emotion-common

Back 25

esperar, lamenter, sentir, temer, tener miedo (de que), alegrarse de, avergonzarse de, encantarle a uno, enojarle a uno, gustarle a uno, molestarle a uno, sorprenderle a uno

Front 26

Subjunctive-expressions of volition

Back 26

all use “que” alter:desear, empeñarse en, insistir en, necesitar, oponerse a, preferir, querer

Front 27

Subjunctive- commons verbs of influence with direct object

Back 27

all followed by “Que”:dejar*, hacer*, inviter a*, obligar a*- * means can just use infinitive sometimes

Front 28

Subjunctive- verbs of influence with an indirect object

Back 28

all use que: aconsejar, advertir, convencer, exigir, impedir*, mandar*, pedir, permitir*, persuadir a, prohibir*, recomendar*, rogar, sugerir- * means can just use infinitive sometimes

Front 29

Subjunctive- expressions of doubt and negation of reality

Back 29

all followed by que

Front 30

Subjunctive-after impersonal expressions with ser

Back 30

if it denotes anything but truth or reality(es verdad, es cierto, obvio, claro, ) possible, curioso, raro, difícil, una pena, etc.

Front 31

Subjunctive- adjectival clauses- Tengo -una casa- que tiene dos pisos/Quiero -una casa- que tenga dos pisos

Back 31

if the antecendent doesnt exist, use subjunctive

Front 32

Subjunctive-lo que

Back 32

use subjunctive if it means “whatever it might be”- Haré lo que me digas vs “what you told me, etc”don’t use sub.- Haré lo que me dijiste.

Front 33

Subjunctive subordinate clauses-definition

Back 33

if the action of the subordinate clause has not yet occured, use the sub

Front 34

Subjunctive clauses- always take subjunctive

Back 34

para que, a fin de que, a menos que, salvo que, a no ser que, antes de que, con tal de que, sin que, en caso de que- dont use “que” when the subject is the same : Vengo antes de salir

Front 35

Clauses that sometimos are subjunctive

Back 35

cuando, apenas, en cuanto, tan pronto como, aunque, a pesar de que, después de que, mientras, hasta que- dont use “que” when the subject is the same :

Front 36

Subjunctive-subsecuent or simultaneous

Back 36

present- Dudo que llueva mañana.

Front 37

Subj- prior

Back 37

present perfect /imperfect-Dudo que ya haya comido/Dudo que estuviera verde.

Front 38

Subj- prior to another prior action-

Back 38

pluperfect-Me sorprende que no hubiera llamado antes de venir.

Front 39

Subj- past-subsecuent or simultaneous

Back 39

imperfect – Dudaba que se acabara pronto la conferencia.

Front 40

Subj- prior

Back 40

pluperfect- Dudaba que hubiera dicho esa mentira.

Front 41

saber-past

Back 41

imperfect-to know, preterite-to find out

Front 42

conocer-past

Back 42

imperfect-to know, preterite-to meet

Front 43

poder-past

Back 43

imperfect-to be able,can/preterite-affirmative:to succeed, to be able, manage, negative:to fail

Front 44

querer-past

Back 44

imp- to want, prêt- to attempt try/refuse to (didn’t want to)

Front 45

tener-past

Back 45

imp-obligation not necessarily fulfilled, prêt-fulfilled obligation

Front 46

acabar de-past

Back 46

imp-to have just done something, prêt-to finish

Front 47

unlikely

Back 47

difícil

Front 48

Future progressive- estará cenando-

Back 48

- refers to ongoing actions in the future or probability in the present (Qué hace Regina? Estará estudiando –must be studying)

Front 49

Probability in the present

Back 49

use future tense: Quién sera?