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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Climate in north and north west? |
Moderate maritime Dom by atlantic Rainfall high |
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Climate from catalunya to levante? |
Warm Mediterranean Moderated by sea or alt Hotter further south |
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Meseta central climate? |
Hot continental Winter = below freezing Summer = high temp (can be moderated by cool nights of high alt) Limited rainfall Large plateau cut off from sea influence by encircling mountains |
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Apart from north west spain what are the climate challenges to grape growing?What type of vines are best ti combat this? |
Heat and lack of waterLow density, bush trainedTo max water available and shade fruit from excess heat |
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Inexpensive wines v best wines techniques here? |
Inexpensive without oak, semi carbonic maceration to enhance fruity nature Best are oaked with at least some new oak. |
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What oak was traditionally used? What is also used now? |
American Now french common too |
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What is the premier black grape of spain? Describe its characteristics... |
Tempranillo Thick skinned Med acid, |
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Where is tempranillo grown? |
Northern and central |
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If there isn't a high diurnal range what is issue with tempranillo? |
Can lack acidity for ideal balance |
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Where is tempranillo best location? |
Where summer temps are moderated by sea and altitude |
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What wine making technique is often used to produce fresh strawberry joven wine from tempranillo? |
Semi carbonic maceration |
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What traditional oak blends are used with tempranillo? |
Garnacha, granciano, cariñena/mazuelo Or international cab sauv |
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What is the spanish name for grenache? |
Garnancha tinta |
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Grenache gives what level of alcohol and when does it mature? |
High Matures early |
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Grenache is widely used for what and where? |
Rosados Priorat (low yielding old vines for intense full bod, complex) |
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3 key black varieties |
Tempranillo Garnancha tinta Monastrell |
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Talk about monastrell! Also known as what? |
Mourvedre Thick skinned Drought tolerant Needs hot, sunny to ripen Deep colour full bod High tannin n alc Low to med acidity Ripe BlackBerry |
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Where can monastrell easily grow? |
South east Yecla and jumila (full ripeness) |
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Which other variety is cultivated mainly in rioja? Challenging to grow... why is it used? |
Granciano To add concentrated black fruit aromas, acidity and tannins to structure to help age |
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What is the other variety in spain that has few diff names? What are they called? |
Cariñena, carignan Mazuelo in rioja |
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What are the characteristics of carignan? Ideal blend for which grape? |
High acid high tannin High Colour Tempranillo |
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What is carignan blended with in priorat? |
Garnancha |
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What is the up and coming local variety? What climate does it suit? Wine style? |
Mencía Moderate climate Fresh fruit, med to high acid Hint og herbaceousness |
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Name 3 white varieties? |
Verdejo Albariño Arien |
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Ways of keeping delicate fruit flavours in white varieties? |
Harvest at night Fermenting in temp controlled steel |
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What is a risk with verdejo? Which is a helpful when making wines similar in style to what? |
Suseptible to oxidation Sherry like wine |
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What style is verdejo made in? Characteristics? Often blended with what? |
Protective wine making Light bod, high acid, melon, peach Often blend with sauv blanc Can undergo skin contact for fuller bod style |
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Where is albariño grown? Characteristics? |
North west Thick skinned (resist fungal in damp climate) Natural high acid Refreshing, citrus, stone |
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What is the most widely planted white varietiy? Where is the majority of plantings? Why is it easy to grow? |
Airen Ia mancha Cope with extreme heat and drought conditions of meseta central |
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What type of wine is a big part of the output of airen? |
Brandy de jerez |
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What 3 varieties are widely planted in catalunya and arr the main varieties in cava? |
Parellada Xarello Macabeo |
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What is macabeo known as in rioja? Made in what style? Where was it traditionally used? |
Viura Unoaked Subtle herb and spice Rioja traditionally for heavy oaked whites |
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Limited potential with local varieties in some parts of spain...what international varieties help? Where in particular are widespread? |
Cab sauv, merlot, sauv blanc, chard North east Can blend with local |
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Name 6 principle DO regions? |
Upper ebro Catalunya Duero valley North west Levante Castilla a la mancha |
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Where has the most extensive vino de la tierra? |
Castilla y leon |
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3 regions in upper ebro? |
Rioja alavesa (nw) Rioja baja(se) Rioja alta(sw)
Directions in relation to logroño and river ebro |
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Style of rioja alavesa? |
Lightest with most finesse |
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Rioja alta and alavesa are both planted at what range of alt? Climate influences? |
500-800 metres Moderated by atlantic Catabrian mountains shield from worst atlantic |
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Climate in rioja baja? |
Less maritime Hotter summers More severe winters Annual rainfall can be low so drought issues |
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Which sub region does tempranillo grow best? |
Cooler western: alta and alavesa |
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Which sub region does garnancha grow best? |
Baja |
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Mazuelo and granciano in rioja are only used as what? |
Supporting roles in blends (less widely planted) |
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Style of wine making in rioja? |
Super varied
Early drinking semi carbonic maceration to heavy extended maceration
Traditionally American oak vanilla |
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How many permitted white varieties in rioja? |
8 |
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Most planted white in rioja |
Viura (macabeo) |
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How were the white wines traditionally made in rioja? What is more modern day? |
Aged extended in American oak for deep golden, nutty flavours and deliberately oxidized. Not trending for cosummers these days so more protective style to emphasise fruit |
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where is and what is climate in navarra? |
North of baja, big area Sim climate to rioja Cooler and wetter nearer mountains |
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Grapes in navarra? |
Red doms Rioja varieties Cab sauv n merlot in blend sometimes Garnancha rose picked early for high acid White small production. Viura, chard, sauv blanc |
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Cariñera and calatayud are where? Climate here? Main grape? What is the contradiction? |
South of ebro Warm continental Low rainfall Garnancha
Cariñena is not the most widely planted here despite sharing same name. |
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What is different about the app in Catalonia? |
They have a generic DO which covers whole region to allow for blending of wines from different areas for significant volumes |
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Where is penedes and what are 3 climate areas here? |
Between Barcelona and tarragona. Coastal plain = hottest Mediterranean Inland, valleys = slightly cooler but warm still Further in hills up to 800m = moderate |
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Range of grape varieties in penedes...list them |
White = mainly cava varieties Some international = chardonnay, sauv blanc gerwuztraminer Red = merlot, cab sauv, tempranillo, pinot noir |
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What is tempranilo known as in penedes? |
Ull de llebre |
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Where is priorat? Climate? Climate is ideal for what grapes here? Why? |
Inland from tarragona Long, hot dry summers Low annual rainfall Cool night temps give some relief
Old garnancha and cariñena vines due yo late ripening
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What soil is found in priorat? |
Llicorella Red slate Small particles of mica that sparkle in sun and reflect sun m heat so helps ripening. Depth helps retain water |
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Talk about vineyard management and cost struggles of priorat? |
Bush vines, steep slopes so mechanisation is almost impossible Low nutrient soils, age of vines produce low yield so complecity and intensity butttt never cheap here |
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Red priorat characteristics? |
Deep colour, high tannin, med to high alc, concentrated black fruit, toasty from new french oak Some add international especially cab sauv |
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White n rose in priorat? |
Rarely seen but does exist |
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Where is the duero? |
From mountains of south rioja through to Portugal (douro) |
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What are the 3 parts of duero valley? |
Ribera del duero Toro Rueda |
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Climate in ribera? |
Cut off from maritime influence from ring of mountains Short, hot, dry summers Very cold winters Altitude highest in meseta canal over 850m So cool night time temp retain acidity and fresh fruit |
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What colour wines are in the ribera DO? Majority of production and main grape here? |
Red and rose only Majority red Tempranillo is dom grape Garnancha for rose Cab, malbec melot is grown too |
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Toro climate and grape here? Vines here? |
Sim climate to ribera, Tempranillo full bod, high alc due to high daytime temps, sunny, low yield bush vines Joven = proportion of garnancha Gran reserva = deeply coloured, tannic ability to age well |
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Where is rueda and what is different from the other two areas? Grape? Apps? |
Between ribera and toro Differs with focus on white wine production Traditional VERDEJO Sauv blanc important also Labelled single varietal Or Blended must contain 50% verdejo |
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2 regions in north west? |
Rías Baixas Bierzo |
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Climate in north west? |
Atlantic influence Cooler and wetter So best white wines are found here. Albariño from rías |
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Climate in rías baixas? Issues with climate? How to train vines to combat this? |
Moderate damp climate Atlantic coast Mildew and rot can be an issue Pergola trained vines to encourage air circulation. |
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Style of most albariño? |
Refreshing unoaked style Naturally high acidity Ripe stone fruit |
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Is red wine permitted in rias baixas? |
Yes but minority |
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Where is bierzo? Climate? |
Mountains that mark boundary between galicia and meseta central Moderate with cooling maritime influence. |
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What is main wine production in buerzo and what is key grape variety here? Characteristics |
Red Mencia Naturally high acidity and red fruit |
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The 2 parts of the levante region? Centred around which port? |
Valencia Jumilla and yecla Med coast south of Catalonia... port of Valencia |
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Grapes in Valencia? |
Local and international Key grape = MONASTRELL red Key white = MERSEGURA local Also = muscat, alexandria (moscatel de Valencia which is a sweet fortified wine) |
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Where is jumilla and yecla? Climate and key grape? |
Further inland Hot, arid climates Monastrell (local dominant grape) |
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2 areas within castilla la mancha? |
La mancha Valdepeñas |
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What is the largest DO in spain? |
La mancha |
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Most widely planted grape in la mancha? |
Airen Neutral fresh wines |
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Authorities have encouraged what now? Causing a decline? |
Plant tempranillo(cencibil) instead of airen. Also increase in international varieties |
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Investment in technology has helped what? |
Inexpensive well made white and reds for export market |
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What trend began in la mancha? |
Vinos de pago |
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Valdepeñas has similar climate to la mancha but reputation is...? |
Better! |
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Where is valdepeñas? |
South of mancha |
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Grapes in valdepeñas? |
Airen most planted But tempranillo/cencibel main for red. Can be varietal or blending with international |
