Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What constitutes form?
|
syntax, morphology, and phonology
|
|
|
What are the 3 dimensions of language?
|
content, form, and use
|
|
|
What is syntax?
|
sentence form/structure
|
|
|
What is morphology?
|
internal orgainzation of words (smallest grammatical form)
|
|
|
What are free morphemes?
|
A morpheme that stands alone (such as boy).
|
|
|
What are bound morphemes?
|
A morpheme that is bound (such as [s] in boys).
|
|
|
What are examples of paralinguistic codes?
|
intonation, stress, speed, and pauses
|
|
|
What are examples of non-linguistic codes?
|
eye contact, facial expressions, posture, and proximity
|
|
|
What are metalinguistic skills?
|
ability to talk about language and analyze/judge it separate from content
|
|
|
What is content?
|
Semantics
|
|
|
What is phonology?
|
organization of speech sounds.
|
|
|
What is a phoneme?
|
The smallest linguistic unit of sound.
|
|
|
What are the 5 major theories of language development
|
Behavioral theory, psycholinguistic theory (nativist), Psycholinguistic theory (cognitive), Sociolinguistic, and Emergentistm
|
|
|
Psycholinguistic theory (nativist) - Who developed and what does it say?
|
Noam Chomsky - We are born with an LAD (Language Acquisition Device). All languages are basically the same (just differ on the surface). Children have similar development across the board.
|
|
|
Behavioral Theory - Who developed it and what does it say?
|
Skinner. Operant conditioning! Language is learned/modified by caregiver. Reinforcement/punishment in environment shapes
|
|
|
Psycholinguistic Theory (Cognitive) - Who developed it and what does it say?
|
Bloom. Thought precedes language. World knowledge becomes word knowledge. What does the child MEAN? Looks at environment and has to experience first.
|
|
|
What is speech?
|
A verbal means of communicating to convey meaning.
|
|
|
What is language?
|
A system of conventional symbols used for thought and communication.
|
|
|
What is a dialect?
|
A variation of a parent language.
|
|
|
What are semantics?
|
Rules governing meaning/content of words and word combos.
|
|
|
What are pragmatics?
|
Reasons why we speak and how conversations are constructed.
|
|
|
What is required for communication to take place?
|
A sender and receiver
a sender having knowledge of what the receiver needs encoding, transmission and decoding of messages. |
|
|
What kind of speech act?
Can you pass me the sugar? |
Indirect
|
|
|
What kind of speech act?
Pass me the sugar. |
Direct
|
|
|
What kind of speech act?
(Car gets hit) This is terrible! |
Literal
|
|
|
Identify: sociology
|
The systematic study of human society that focuses on human group life and the institutions that structure a given society.
|
|
|
What is chaining? Which theory does it belong to?
|
Behavioral theory. Shape language/behavior in steps.
|
|
|
What is shaping? Which theory does it belong to?
|
Behavioral theory. Working on changing one specific behavior.
|
|
|
Phase-structure rules/ Transformational rules
|
PSR - all languages use same basic relationships/structure
TR - rearrangements for specific language Psycholinguistic (nativist) theory |
|
|
object permanence
symbolic function |
Psycholinguistic (cognitive) theory
OP - exists even if not present SF - word is symbol for object/action |
|
|
Sociolinguistic Theory
|
focuses on use, reason, and funciton of language (what makes you say it and how effective it is) 3 stages: perlocutionary, illocutionary, and locutionary
|
|
|
joint reference
|
attention called to object/event by child and caregiver for shared attention - important for early development meaning
|
|
|
Emergentism
|
Cognition plus interaction with environment. Expands on Chomsky's theory and combines with environment importance.
|
|
|
What are the 4 areas of early cognitive development?
|
sensation, perception, motor control, cognition
|
|
|
habituation
|
less response to frequently presented stimuli; attendance to new stimuli
|
|
|
At what age do children respond to their names?
|
5 months
|
|
|
At what age do childage do children respond to mom and dad?
|
6 months
|
|
|
At what age do children learn to recognize only phonemes in their own language?
|
8-10 months
|
|
|
cognition
|
mental activities involved for comprehension/learning
|
|
|
schemes
|
cognitive structures for processing incoming information
|
|
|
adaptation
|
change in patterns in response to environment
|
|
|
assimilation
|
integrate new information into existing schemes/patterns
|
|
|
accommodation
|
transform/create schemes for new information
|
|
|
equilibrium
|
cognitive balance between incoming stimuli and existing cognitive structure
driving force of biological/cognitive changes |
|
|
rehearsal
|
repetition of info for maintaining long term storage
|
|
|
Integrative transferral
|
new info is integrated into existing structure of material
|
|
|
echolalia
|
immediate imitation of sound
|
|
|
variegated babbling
|
babbling in cvc vcv formation
|
|
|
reduplicated babbling
|
mamamamama repetition of sounds
|
|
|
PCF's
Phonetically Consistent forms |
non-words that have meaning for child
|
|
|
What are the 4 parts of information processing
|
attention
discrimination organization memory |
|
|
Top Down processing
Bottom Up processing |
TD concept driven; hypothesis then info
BU data driven; sound, syllable, word, recognition, comprehension |
|
|
Serial processing
Parallel processing |
SP processed one at a tim; signal analyzed by characteristics
PP simultaneously analyze on all levels; underlying meaning and relationship together |
|
|
Theory of Mind
|
The knowledge a person has that his thoughts/feelings are different from those of others. Once aware of his own he can make predictions.
|
|
|
Active Processing
Passive Processing |
AP - compare things with info stored, form from active involvement with environment
PP - incoming info analyzed in pieces until a pattern is formed (LIKE BU) |
|
|
Protoconversations
|
interactions with emerging conversational elements
imitation, mutual orientation, greeting, play dialog, disengagement |
|
|
communicative intent
(3 Stages) |
purpose behind the utterance (share info/goals)
perlocutionary, illocutionary, locutionary |
|
|
perlocutionary
|
0-8 months no goals, reflexive behaviors until end of stage then understanding of objects, some gestures
|
|
|
illocutionary
|
8-12 months gestures and vocalizations; understands menas-ends behaviors
|
|
|
locutionary
|
12months + first meaningful word, begins accompanied by gestures, then drops them
|
|
|
intentionality
communicative intentions |
sharing of goals with others
purpose behind utterance |
|
|
baby talk
|
short utterances, simple syntax, small vocabulary, facial expressions, frequent greetings and questions
|
|
|
proxemics
|
use of interpersonal space for communication (mothers start close and pull back)
|
|
|
What are the 4 infant caregiver interactions?
|
joint reference
joint action turn taking situational behaviors |
|
|
What are the 3 aspects for joint reference?
|
indicating
deixis naming |
|
|
bracketing
clustering |
using rhythmic/prosodic clues to detect division between clauses and phrases
use of predictable units in word to synthesize words |
|
|
Communicative development 0-5 months
|
1mo. vocalize/gaze @ caregiver; social smiles
2 mo. turn twd caregiver's voice, associate people with behaviors, cooings responsive 3 mo. discriminate between people, social smiles, attentive longer, verbalize when caretaker verbalizes, doesn't like expressionless face 4 mo. likes happy faces, vocal patterns w pauses 5m o. imitation of vocalizations/movements |
|
|
Communicative development 6-12 months
|
6 mo. attention to toys objects, increased hand/eye coordination, understand can control environment through actions
7 mo. mostly gestures and vocalizations but communication increases with success 8-10 months wave/ simple motor behaviors, follows glance or point of mom, vocalization and gaze linked, gets attention before vocalizing |
