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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The scientific field that seeks to understand nature and causes individual behavior and social situations |
Social psychology |
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Influences of other people, environmental variables, cognitive processes/ perception, culture, biology |
Guiding principles |
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Precise error free data, exact #s |
Accurate |
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Free from bias analyzing data |
Objectivity |
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Need verification/proof, generates more studies |
Skepticism |
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Manipulation of the possible cause |
Independent variable |
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What is measured, outcome |
Dependent variable |
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Careful monitoring and examination of what people and animals do under more or less natural circumstances |
Observation |
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A study of the prevalence of certain beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors, based on people's responses to specific questions |
Surveys |
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Allows researcher to manipulate one variable (the independent variable ) to study it's effect on another variable(the dependent variable) |
Experiment |
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Assigning participants to conditions so that each person has an equal chance of being assigned to each condition |
Random assignment |
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Extent to which findings can be generalized to real-life social situations and to people different from original parts. |
External validity |
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Means that as one variable increases, so does the other |
Positive correlation |
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Means that as one variable increases, the other decreases |
Negative correlation |
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The variables have no relationship ; that changes in one are not related to any type of change in the other |
A zero or near zero correlation |
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A technique whereby researchers withheld information about the purposes or procedures of a study from their participants. |
Deception |
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The _ the absolute value, the _ the relationship is regardless of the direction |
Higher Stronger |
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Specific propositions or expectations about your studys results |
Hypothesis |
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Self-concept is primarily defined by internal attributes, people are socialized to be unique. |
Individualistic view |
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Self-concept is primarly defined by social roles and relationships. People are socialized to belong |
Collectivist view |
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Look inward and describe yourself at ones own thoughts and feelings, can be person or person or day to day |
Introspection |
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Describe yourself to where you stand out, independent as others |
Individualistic culture |
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Compare to similar other who is slightly better than you. Done when goal is excellence |
Upward social comparison |
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Slightly worse on a behavior than you, done when goal is self protection |
Downward social comparison |
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The affective component of the self, feelings about yourself |
Self -esteem |
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Differs across situations can change a temporary boost increase or decrease |
State se |
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Average or base line, you cannot measure self-eesteem one time and tell you that is your score |
Trait se |
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How one feels at a particular moment in time |
State se |
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How one typically feels |
Trait se |
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Happy healthy productive and sucessful |
Positive self image |
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More depressed pessimistic about the future and prone to failure |
Negative self image |
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Between our self-concept and how we would ideally be |
Self-discrepancies |
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Ideal self Or believe others think we should be |
Ideal Ought |
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Basking in refeleftive glory - hanging with people who are sucessful and the association gives you profit |
BIRGING |
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Cutting off reflected failure, not being associated with failure because it can give you bad impressions |
CORFING |
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Deliberate judgements and decisions of which we are consciously aware |
Explicit cognition |
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Judgements that are under the control of automatically activated evaluations occuring without awareness |
Implicit cognition automatic |
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Efforts to prevent certain thoughts from entering consciousness, actually increases frequency |
Thought suppression |
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Automatic research for unwanted thoughts |
Monitoring |
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Controlled, conscious attempt to distract oneself by thinking about something else |
Operating |
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Occurs when someone is fatigued or experiencing information overload |
Rebound effect |
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Mental frameworks centering around a specific theme that help organize social information |
Schemas |
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They affect what is noticed They affect what is stored in memory They affect what is recovered from memory |
Attention Encoding Retreival |
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The process by which someones expectations about a person leads to the fulfillment of those expectations |
Self fullfillment prophecy |
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Personal relevant to me control of the actor |
Internal (personal) |
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Situational outside the persons control |
External |
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Tendency to make internal attributions for other peoples behavior |
The fundamental attribution error |
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Tendency to attribute others behavor to internal causes but our own behavior external causes |
Actor- observer effect |
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Tendency to assign internal causes for our sucesses but external causes for our failures |
Self-serving bias |
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The complexity of the social world and the limited nature of cognitive processing can result in information overload |
Heuristics |
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The tendency to categorize people based on how closely they match the prototype of the category. |
The representative heuristic |
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The tendency to judge the frequency of probability of an event in terms of how easy it is to think of examples of that event. |
Availabity heuristic |
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The tendency to make biased judgements toward the starting value or anchor in making quantitative judgements. |
Anchoring and adjustment heuristic |
