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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Humans can discriminate how many odors?
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~100,000
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Recognition threshold
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Concentration needed to determine quality or identity of an odorant (typically higher than detection threshold)
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Henning's Color Prism (1916)
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Spicy, Putrid, Ethereal, Resinous, Fragrant.
Henning's prism has proven of little use in olfactory research. |
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Some molecules with similar shapes have...
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...very different smells.
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Some similar smells come from molecules with...
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...different shapes.
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Olfactory Mucosa
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- Site of ORNs
- Olfactory bulb - Primary olfactory cortex |
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Piriform Cortex
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- Amygdala/hippocampal complex (limbic system)
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Structure of the Olfactory System
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- Olfactory Mucosa -> ORNs -> Cilia -> Receptor sites
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Humans have how many ORNs?
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~350 types, & 10,000~ neurons of each type at its own specialized receptor site.
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Odorant molecules activate receptor sites on the cilia of ORNs, producing...
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...action potentials!
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Receptor code for Olfaction
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Distributed (pattern) code for odor
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All mammals have ____ olfactory genes.
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~1,000.
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Unexpected genes are called...
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...pseudogenes.
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Odorants are coded by...
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patterns of activation called Recognition Profiles.
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Anosmia
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Complete "smell blindness"
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Most common causes of anosmia?
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- Upper respiratory tract infection,
- Congenital, - Head injury - Also associated with depression |
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Specific Anosmia
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"Smell blindness" for one specific compound.
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Up to how many specific anosmias have been identified in humans?
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80
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One of the most common compounds related to specific anosmia?
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Andro-stenone, a compound of human armpit sweat.
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Activating the Olfactory Bulb
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Signals are carried from the ORNs to the GLOMERULI in the olfactory bulb
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