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26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Physical definition of sound
Sound is pressure changes in the air or other medium.
Perceptual definition of sound
Sound is the experience we have when we hear.
Loudspeakers produce sound by...
The diaphragm of the speaker moving out and in.
Compression
Pushing the air molecules together.
Rarefaction
Pulling the air molecules apart.
In a resulting soundwave, molecules move...
Forward & backward.
Amplitude
Difference in pressure between high & low peaks of wave.
Decibel (dB)
The measure of amplitude, also called sound pressure, sound level, or level.
Decibels are a measure of the...
physical stimulus (sound pressure), NOT loudness (the resulting perception).
Pure tone
A sinusoidal waveform
Pressure
varies as a sine wave for a pure tone.
Frequency
The number of cycles/sec or Hertz (Hz).
Amplitude
The magnitude of the pressure wave, measured in dB.
Loudness
The perceptual correlate of amplitude.
Using magnitude estimation...
Loudness increases nearly linearly with dB.
Pitch
A psychological experience related to the temporal frequency of vibrations of the air hitting the eardrum.
1 Hz =
one cycle per second
Tone height
The increase in pitch that happens when the fundamental frequency of a note is increased.
Tone chroma
Notes with the same letter name (separated by octaves).
Each octave is...
A doubling of frequency.
Pure tones
Periodic (repeating)
Complex tones
May or may not be periodic
Periodic complex tones
Consist of a # of pure tones called harmonics
Fundamental frequency
The overall repetition rate
Additional harmonics
Multiples of the fundamental frequency
Additive (Fourier) synthesis
Process of adding harmonics to create complex tones