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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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does frequency or amplitude determine pitch?
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frequency
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what is the envelope of the traveling wave?
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the line connecting all the peaks in the traveling wave
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how does the position of the peak of the wave affect the frequency?
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the sharper and sooner the peak the higher the frequency (higher pitch)
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Which part of the cochlea responds best to low frequency sounds? High frequency sounds?
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apex (helicotrema)
the base |
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which theory works for high frequency? which one works for low?
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high=place
low=temporal |
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what is a fourier analysis?
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breaking a complex sound into all of its pure tones
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what is the name for the pure sound waves of a complex tone?
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harmonics
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what is the fundamental frequency? what does it do?
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the lowest harmonic in a complex tone
determines percieved pitchs |
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what are all the other harmonics called?
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overtones
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what is timbre?
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the sound quality or characteristics of a sound. 2 sounds may have same loudness and pitch but are percieved differently
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what is the problem of the missing fundamental?
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when the fundamental is not played but other harmonics are, it still sounds like the fundamental
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whats the name of the horizontal plane?
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azimuth
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whats the name of the vertical plane?
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elevation
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what is the interaural time difference
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our cue to the localization of a sound based on different arrival times at the 2 ears
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what is onset difference?
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the idea that based on the location of the sound, it will arrive at the ears at different times (one sooner one later)
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what is the phase difference?
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the sounds will not only arrive at different times but also at different places in their cycles
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what kind of tones would make the phase difference easier to hear?
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low frequency tones, because high frequency tones are closer together
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what is interaural intensity difference?
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there are differences in the sound level between the two ears
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what are the two reasons for interaural intesnsity difference?
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distance: intensity decreases over distance
acoustic shadow: the head is a barrier to sound |
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which kind of frequency is more suceptible to acoustic shadow?
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High frequency because it bounces off the head instead of wrapping around it.
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what is the duplex theory?
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combining both time and intensity differences to determine localization on the azimuth
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what part of the ear is especially helpful for determining elevation?
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the pinna because the sound bounces around and off the folds of the ear.
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how many ears do you need to determine azimuth? elevation?
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2
1 |
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what is a tone chroma?
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the similarity shared by all musical tones that have the same name
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what is tone height?
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increase in pitch w/ an increase in frequency
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what is an octave?
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each successive toneheight (2x)
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what is a consonant tone combonation?
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using the fundamental's increments this is a plesant sound
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what is dissonant sound?
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when the tones are closer together not a simple ratio. this is an unpleasent sound
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what is the "attack"?
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beginning of a tone
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what is the decay?
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the sustained part of a tone before the final release
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what is auditory grouping?
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when we group things together that are similar (pitch)
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do we prefer to use eyes or ears?
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eyes
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what does this cause?
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visual capture
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what is visual capture?
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ventriloquist effect, we can do this because echos give us false info
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what is a direct sound?
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one that reaches the ears straight
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what is an indirect sound?
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one that is reflected off an environmental surface
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what are some factors that affect perception in concert halls?
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reverberation time, and the amount/duration of indirect sound
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what are some reasons color vision is helpful?
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evolution, detection, identification/discrimination, reproduction
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how do we describe color?
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basic colors: red, yellow, green, blue
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what is hue?
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related to wavelength
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what is brightness?
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intensity of the light source
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what is saturation?
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the amount of white light mixed in
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what is monochromatic color?
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a single wave of light
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are objects colored?
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no! the reflected light is
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what are achromatic colors?
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ones that don't have hues, it projects light evenly.
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what is subtractive color mixing?
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when we mix paints. each pigment added absorbs (or subtracts) more light additional pigments reflect fewer wave lengths
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what is additive color mixing?
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mixing lights instead of pigments, more light rays hit the eyes
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what lights mixed together make white?
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blue and yellow
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what are examples of real world additive color mixing?
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sunlight, television, artwork
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what is the trichromatic theory?
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there are 3 different receptor mechanisms
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