Southwestern Pharmacology Ch 5

Front 1

rhinitis

Back 1

Inflamation of the mucous membrane of the nose, often with a profuse watery discharge (rhinorrhea).

Front 2

sinusitis

Back 2

Inflamation of a sinus

Front 3

allergic rhinitis

Back 3

Inflamation of the nasal mucosa secondary to an allergic reaction

Front 4

antigen-antibody

Back 4

A type of reaction after exposure to an allergen that causes inflamation and swelling of the respiratory passages. One of the major causes of symptoms associated with an allergy is the release of histamine during the antigen-antibody reaction

Front 5

histamine

Back 5

Substance released as part of an allergic reaction, cau8sing many of the symptoms associated with allergy. Antihistamines are administered to block the reaction.

Front 6

rhinorrhea

Back 6

Free discharge of a thin, watery nasal mucus.

Front 7

decongestants

Back 7

Antihistamines and sympathomimetic frequently used in combination with analgesics in cold and flu remedies.

Front 8

rhinitis medicamentosa

Back 8

Secondary congestion thought to be caused by excessive vasoconstriction of the nasal membranes by the overuse of topical decongestants (e.g., phenylephrine, oxymetazoline).

Front 9

antihistamines

Back 9

Agent given to neutralize histamine produced by the body. Often used to treat symptoms of allergies caused by the release of histamine.

Front 10

antiinflammatory agents

Back 10

Drugs (e.g., gluccorticoids, prostaglandin inhibitors) administered to block the cascade of symptoms seen with an inflammatory reaction.

Front 11

ventilation

Back 11

The movement of air in and out of the lungs.

Front 12

perfusion

Back 12

Pouring through or into

Front 13

diffusion

Back 13

The process by which oxygen (O2) passes across the alveolar membrane to the blood in the capillaries and carbon dioxide (CO2) passes from the blood to the alveolar sacs for exhalation.

Front 14

goblet cells

Back 14

Specilized mucous glands that line the respiratory tract and produce a gelatinous mucus that forms a thin layer over the interior surfaces of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.

Front 15

obstructive airway diseases

Back 15

Respiratory diseases that narrow air passages, create turbulence, and increase resistance to airflow.

Front 16

bronchospasm

Back 16

Narrowing of the airways through smooth muscle constriction.

Front 17

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Back 17

Chronic obstructive illness. Used interchangeably with chronic airflow limitation disease (CALD).

Front 18

chronic airflow limitation disease (CALD)

Back 18

Chronic obstructive illness. Used interchangeably with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Front 19

restrictive airway disease

Back 19

Those in which lung expansion is limited from loss of elasticity (e.g., pulmonary fibrosis) or physical deformity of the chest (e.g., kyphoscoliosis).

Front 20

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

Back 20

The PH and partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

Front 21

oxygen saturation

Back 21

SaO2: the ratio, expressed as a percent, of the oxygen actually bound to hemoglobin compared with the maximum amount of oxygen that could be bound to hemoglobin.

Front 22

spirometry

Back 22

Studies that are routinely used to assess the capabilities of the patient's lungs, thorx, and respiratory muscles in moving volumes of air during inhalation and exhalation.

Front 23

cough

Back 23

One of the first symptoms of a respiratory disease. A reflex initiated by irritation of the airway. It is a protective mechanism for clearing excess secretions from the tracheobronchial tree.

Front 24

asthma

Back 24

An inflammatory disease of the bronchi and bronchioles characterized by intermittent periods of acute, reversible airflow obstruction (bronchonconstriction) caused by bronchiolar inflammation and overresponsiveness to a variety of stimuli (e.g., inhaled allergens, cold air, dry air, emotional stress, smoke).

Front 25

bronchitis

Back 25

A chronic irritation of the bronchi or of a bronchus, causing inflammation and edema with excessive mucus secretion leading to airflow obstruction

Front 26

emphysema

Back 26

An overdistension of the alveolar airspaces in the lungs resulting in alveolar tissue destruction with trapping of air. A few symptoms are exertional dyspnea, prolonged expiratory phase, wheezing, barrel chest, overuse of accessory muscles of respiration, overaerated lung fields, and flattened diaphragm (last two symptoms seen on x-ray examination).

Front 27

bronchodilation

Back 27

Widening of the lumen of the bronchi, allowing increased airflow into and out of the lungs.

Front 28

expectorants

Back 28

Expectorants liquefy mucus by stimulating the secretion of natural lubricant fluids from the serous glands. The flow of serous fluids helps liquefy thick mucous masses that may plug the narrow bronchioles. A combination of ciliary action and coughing will then expel the phlegm from the pulmonary system. Expectorants are used to treat nonproductive cough, bronchitis, and pneumonia, in which mucous plugs inhibit the expulsion of irritants and bacteria that cause bronchitis or pneumonia.
Page 498 - second column - 2nd paragraph

Front 29

antitussives

Back 29

Cough suppressants (antitussives) act by suppressing the cough center in the brain. They are used when the patient has a dry, hacking, nonproductive cough. These agents will not stop the cough completely but should decrease the frequency and suppress the severe spasms that prevent adequate rest at night.
Pg. 498 - second column - middle page

Front 30

mucolytic agents

Back 30

Drug therapy used to reduce the stickiness and viscosity of pulmonary secretions by acting directly on the mucus plugs to cause dissolution.

Front 31

bronchodilators

Back 31

Drug therapy that relaxes the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree.

Front 32

antiinflammatory agents

Back 32

Drugs (e.g., glucocorticoids, prostaglandin inhibitors) administered to block the cascade of symptoms seen with an inflammatory reaction.

Front 33

immunomodulators

Back 33

Agents that change the way the body responds to cancer cells or strengthens the body's defense mechanisms against cancer.