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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the Renaissance?
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It marked a shift from an agricultural to an urban society
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4 things about the Renaissance
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Trade assumed a greater position; re-awakened an interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome; emphasis on individual achievement; expressed humanism
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Humanism
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Study of ancient greece and rome; focused on secular subjects rather than religious issues; focused on the humanities (grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history)
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Renaissance time period
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1300-1600
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Renaissance meaning
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rebirth of art and learning
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Where Renaissance took place
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Began in northern italy and spread to the rest of northern europe
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Italy's 3 advantages
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Thriving cities/urban centers; trade during the crusades led to the growth of large city-states in northern italy; italy's location encouraged trade with well-developed markets on the eastern mediterranean and in north africa and northern europe
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Unlike the rest of Europe, Italy....
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Was divided into many city-states
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City-state controller
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Wealthy and powerful merchant class
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Italy's locational advantage created...
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Large towns in Italy
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Italy's city states became...
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Breeding grounds for new ideas and an intellectual revolution
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Percent of population killed by the plague
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60%
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Result of the plague
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Because of few laborers, survivors could demand large wages
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3 Cities that had populations of 100,000
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Genoa, Venice, Florence
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Location of 3 cities with 100,000 population
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Genoa (west) Venice (east) Florence (inland on the ano river)
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Florence's economy
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Based on wool, leather, and silk trade
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Venice's advantage
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Had major seaports whose merchants dominated the mediterranean trade
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Milan, Genoa, Florence, and Venice's government
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They ran their own affairs and collected taxes and supported an army
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Ruling family of Florence; Merchants and bankers
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The Medici Family
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Time when the Medici Family ruled
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The Quattrocento (golden age of the Renaissance)
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Cosimo de Medici
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First powerful medici; gained control in 1434
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4 Things Cosimo did
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Cleaned up the city, wanted to make the region the artistic capital of Europe, set up free libraries, established a puppet regime that answered to him
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Puppet Regime
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9 man council that gave an allusion of a republic
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Lorenzo "The Magnificent"
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Grandson to Cosimo; huge patron of the arts; best known Medici
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3 Things Lorenzo did
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Continues to beautify the city, continues the republican style of government, holds festivals for the common people which make him more popular
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3 Things about Renaissance Art
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Reflected the ideas of humanism, put religious figures against classical greek and roman backgrounds, painters produced portraits of well-known figures of the day which reflected their individual achievements
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4 "New Techniques" in Renaissance Art
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Return to realism, perspective, shading, painters and sculptors studied human anatomy
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Perspective
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Making distant object smaller than those close up to the viewer, which allowed artists to paint scenes 3D
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4 Things "special" about Renaissance architecture
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Rejection of gothic style, adopted columns, arches, domes
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Donatello
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"David", created a life-size statue of a soldier on horseback
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What was special about Donatello's soldier on horseback?
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First figure done since ancient times
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Bruelleschi
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Dome on the cathedral in Florence
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Leonardo da Vinci
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Made sketches of nature and models in his studio; disected corpses to learn how muscles work
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Leonardo's best known works
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Mona Lisa, The Last Supper, sketches for a flying machine, an undersea boat, and artillery
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Michaelangelo
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Sculptor, painter, engineer, architect, and poet
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Michaelangelo's works
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David, Pieta (Mary holding Jesus), sistine chapel ceiling, dome of St. Peter's cathedral in Rome
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Raphael
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Blended christian and classical styles, best known for his portrayal of the Madonna
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Raphael's works
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School of Athens: pictured an imaginary gathering of thinkers and scientists including Plato, Aristotle, Socrates
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Giotto di Bondone
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Commissioned by a wealthy merchant to decorate arena chapel with scenes from the bible, used fresco, painted human figures that looked life-like, created the illusion of depth
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Lorenzo Ghilberti
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Spent 50 years creating 2 pairs of bronze door for Baptistery of the local cathedral in Florence
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Masaccio
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Decorated a chapel in Florence using perspective in a fresco caled "The Healing of the Cripple and the Resurrection of Tabitha"
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Writing in the Renaissance
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Renaissance writers reflected on interests in Philosophy and History
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Dante Aligheri
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From Florence, wrote for his muse Beatrice who he fell in love with at age 8 (died at 24)
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Dante's most famous work
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The Divine Comedy
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What is special about The Divine Comedy?
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Written in the vernacular (everyday language) of his homeland
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Francesco Petrarch
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Wrote in Italian(sonnets in honor of Laura) and Latin(letters); imitated the style of Cicero; strove for simplicty and purity
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What did Renaissance writers also do?
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Developed guidebooks about how to achieve success
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Most widely read book during the Renaissance
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The Book of the Courier by Baldassare Castiglione
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The Book of the Courier
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Described the ideal man and woman
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Ideal Man
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Wrote, athletic, good at games but not as a gambler, plays an instrument, knows literature and history but is not arrogant
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Ideal Woman:
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Graceful, kind, lively but reserved and not seek fame as men did
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What did Machiavelli write about?
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Politics
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Nicolo Machiavelli's work
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The Prince
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Machiavelli's belief
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A prince might have to trick his enemies and even his own people for the good of the state; the end justifies the means
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