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218 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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( watts or megawatts) described the power that is consumed by real (Resistive) load? |
TRUE POWER |
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What power is (MVA) that is contributed to the circuit from the soarce? |
APPARENT POWER |
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What are capacitor banks used for? |
Used to control voltage by eliminating the voltage drop in a system caused by inductance reactive loads. |
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What are Riverdales synchronizing breakers? |
N30,N31,N32,N33,N34,N38 |
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What are the functions for the SEL relay at Riverdale? |
21= Distance 21TD= Distance Relay Timed 59Y1= Overvoltage 59TD= Overvoltage Timed |
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What is a device that opens an electrical circuit by physically breaking the path of current flow? Not designed to open on full-load current. |
NON-LOAD BREAK SWITCH |
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Utilizes an insulating oil to quench the arc at the contacts upon seperation. The oil acts as a dielectric which interrupts the formation of the arc. Has a continuous current rating up to 4,000 Amps with a interrupt rating around 40,000 Amps? |
OIL-CIRCUIT BREAKER |
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Utilizes a vacuum to quench the arc at the contacts upon seperation. The vacuum acts as a dielectric which interrupts the formation of an arc . Has a rating current up to 3,000Amps |
VACUUM BREAKER |
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What is a 21 relay and what does it do? |
It is a distance relay. It has a fixed impedance value that is measuring the ratio of voltage and current applied to the relay. |
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What is it called when the rated volts per hertz ratio has been exceeded? |
OVER EXCITATION |
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This is used to measure voltage across two different points in an electrical system. These are also used in synchronizing circuits to measure frequency and phase difference? |
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER |
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What is the primary and secondary voltage of IP's transformers? |
Primary= 115kv Secondary= 12.5kv |
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What are the 4 large control system plc's? |
CONTROL LOGIX GUARD LOGIX SOFT LOGIX FLEX I/O |
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This relay is designed to respond to the sudden increase in gas pressure in a power transformer which would be caused by an internal arc? |
63= sudden pressure relay |
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How much nitrogen pressure should be filled in the headspace of the transformer? |
2-3 PSIG |
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A device whose function is to detect defective lines and initiate appropriate control circuit action? |
PROTECTIVE RELAY |
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What relay do we have in the transformer control cabinet that will trip if it detects a fault? |
LOCKOUT RELAY |
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A low powered device used to activate a high powered device? |
RELAY |
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What are the micro and nano control systems? |
Micro 800 Micro logix |
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What does a 24 relay do? |
Over excitation |
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What are the transformer protection relays? |
1. Phase differential (87)- (protects from primary to secondary breaker) 2. Sudden pressure (63) 3 Ground overcurrent on neutral (51N) 4. Oil over temp alarm. |
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This technology is used to move the load from one power soarce to another, as necessary. It can be fused or non fused. There are two configurations, break before make and make before break. |
Transfer switch |
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What is the current capacity per square inch for copper and alluminum bus bars? |
Copper= 1000 per square inch Alluminum = 700 per square inch |
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What interrupter system do we have in the transformer for the arcing of tap changers? |
Vacuum Interrupter Systems |
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What does ANSI stand for? |
American National Standards Institute |
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What are the two protection relays that can trip the 86 lockout relay on the transformer? |
1. (67) relay= directional phase overcurrent on N30 breaker 2. (51N) relay= ground overcurrent on N30 breaker |
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What is a 25 relay? They are used to tie two different soarces of power together? |
Synchronizing relay |
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What is the high temp on a transformer relay? |
49 relay |
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The property in an electrical circuit where a change in the electrical current through that circuit induces an electromotive force EMF that opposes the change in current? |
Henry= Inductance |
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A two stage oil level alarm. What is the nummber? What is the oil temperature switch number? |
71Q 26Q |
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This power (VAR) describes the power that is stored as energy by inductive and capacitance? |
Reactive power |
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Dielectric breakdown that occurs when carbonized materials is deposited in a path of high current across a insulator? |
Tracking |
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A discharge do to ionization of air around a conductor? |
Corona |
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Interrupting device is removable and arranged with a mechanism for moving it physically between connected and disconnected positions. It is equipped with self-aligning and self-coupling primary and secondary disconnecting device? |
Metal clad |
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NEMA stands for? |
National Electrical Manufacturing Association |
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A device that opens an electrical circuit by physically breaking the path of current flow and can perform this function while passing the full rated current through the circuit? |
Load break switch |
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What is NO.1 and NO.2 transformer MVA rated up to ? |
NO.1 = 25MVA NO.2 = 42MVA |
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These are used to reduce the voltage to lower values and to provide isolation between high voltage power network and the relays and the other instruments that are connected to their secondaries? |
Potential transformer |
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These are used to reduce current signals for purpose of measurements, control, and protection? |
Current transformers |
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Installation code governing electrical installations in the united states? |
(NEC) = National Electric Code |
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An independant agency that has developed building code since 1896? |
(NFPA)= National Fire Protection Association |
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These act as a restriction device when a change in current is demanded by a system? |
Current limiting reactor |
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Why do we use 3 phase power? |
The power company generators produce electricity by rotating a magnetic field through 3 coils of windings within the generator. These coils or windings are spaced 120 degrees apart . Three phase power is much more efficient than single phase . Three phase can provide 173% more power than the two conductors of a single phase system. |
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What is a 27/59 relay? |
Under and over voltage relays |
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What type of breakers are our N30 and N31 tie breakers? And what are they rated to? |
Vacuum breakers rated to 3000 amps at 12.5 kv |
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A protective circuit breaker that interrupts electrical current, when tripped by a protective relay uses gas called sulfer hexafluoride to cool and quench the arc |
(SF6)= Sulfer Hexafluoride |
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To uncover information like frequency, noise, amplitude, or any other characteristic that might change over time |
Oscilloscope |
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What does a 60FL relay do? |
Monitors a potential transforner for failure and blocks the actions of voltage monitoring relays. |
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What does a 32 relay do? |
It is a directional power relay that can detect reverse power flow |
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What are the small control systems? |
Compact logix Smart logix 600 SLC 500 |
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What are the 6 different types of transformer gauges? |
1. Liquid temperature gauge 2. Liquid level gauge 3 pressure - vacuum gauge 4. Pressure relief device 5. Winding temp. Gauge 6. Sudden pressure relay |
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What are the 4 synchronizing breakers for the generator? |
N6,N26,N37,N41 |
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What is the voltage required for opening and closing breakers? |
125 DC |
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Utilizes inert gas to quench the arc at the contacts upon seperation. Gas has a much higher insulating value than air. Has a continuous rating up to 4,000A and a short circuit rating up to 63,000A? |
Gas circuit breaker |
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7 different types of insulating bus material? |
1. porcelain 2. laminate board 3. Micarta board 4. FRP board 5. Noreal sleeving 6. Heat shrink 7. Tape |
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This relay measures current flow into and out of a bus. If the sum of these currents do not add to zero, the relay sees a fault? |
87 differential relay |
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3 types of electromechanical relays are? |
1. Westinghouse/ABB relay= knife type switch 2. General Electric= paddle type connection |
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This is technology that is used to detect high frequency sound waves? |
Ultra-sonic scan |
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This utilizes air to quench the arc at the contacts upon seperation. These breakers blow or puff air across the contacts during seperation made to quench the arc. They have a continuous current rating up to 4000A with a short circuit current rating up to 4,000A? |
Air circuit breaker |
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This is a device designed to open and close a circuit by manual means, and to open the circuit automatically on a preditermined overload of current without damage to itself if properly applied? |
Circuit breaker |
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What does OSHA stand for? |
Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
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This the the name brand multifunction relay we use on the N30 and N31 breakers? |
SEL |
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What are the 4 types of conductive bus materials? |
1. Silver plated and silver flashed copper 2. Tin plated copper bus bar 3. Copper bars 4. Alluminum bars |
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What are the 3 types of metering relays for the primary side protection? |
1. 51 relay 2. 21 relay 3. 59N relay and 51N relay |
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A three phase connection in which one end of each phase winding is connected to the end of another phase winding? |
Delta connection |
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A three phase connection in which similar ends of each phase windings are connected together at a common point which forms the electrical neutral and often it is grounded? |
Wye connection |
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What is a 1 relay? |
Master element |
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What is a 2 relay? |
Time delay starting or closing relay |
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What is a 3 relay? |
Interlock relay |
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What is a 4 relay? |
Master contactor |
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What is a 5 relay? |
Stopping device |
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What is a 6 relay? |
Starting circuit breaker |
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What is a 7 relay? |
Rate of chang relay |
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What is a 8 relay? |
Control power disconnect device |
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What is a 9 relay? |
Reversing device |
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What is a 10 relay? |
Unit sequence switch |
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What is a 11 relay? |
Multifunction device |
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What is a 12 relay? |
Overspeed device |
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What is a 13 relay? |
Synchronous speed device |
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What is a 14 relay? |
Underspeed device |
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What is a 15 relay? |
Speed or frequency matching device |
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What is a 16 relay? |
Data communications device |
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What is a 20 relay? |
Elect. Operated value (solenoid valve) |
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What is a 21 relay? |
Distance relay |
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What is a 23 relay? |
Temperature control device |
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What is a 24 relay? |
Voltz per hertz relay |
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What is a 25 relay? |
Synchronizing or synchronism check device |
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What is a 26 relay? |
Apparatus thermal device |
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What is a 27 relay? |
Undervoltage relay |
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What is a 30 relay? |
Annunciator relay |
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What is a 32 relay? |
Directional power relay |
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What is a 36 relay |
Polarity or polarizing voltage device |
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What is a 37 relay? |
Undercurrent or underpower relay |
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What is a 38 relay? |
Bearing protective device |
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What is a 39 relay? |
Mechanical condition monitor |
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What is a 40 relay? |
Field (over/under) excitation relay |
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What is a 41 relay? |
Field circuit breaker |
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What is a 42 relay? |
Running circuit breaker |
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What is a 43 relay? |
Manual selector or transfer device |
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What is a 46 relay? |
Reverse Phase or phase balance current relay |
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What is a 47 relay? |
Phase sequence or phase balance voltage relay |
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What is a 48 relay? |
Incomplete sequence relay |
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What is a 49 relay? |
Machine or transformer thermal relay |
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What is a 50 relay? |
Instantaneous overcurrent relay |
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What is a 51 relay? |
Ac inverse time overcurrent relay |
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What is a 52 relay? |
Ac circuit breaker |
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What is a 53 relay? |
Field excitation relay |
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What is a 55 relay? |
Power factor relay |
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What is a 56 relay? |
Field application relay |
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What is a 59 relay |
Overvoltage relay |
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What is a 60 relay? |
Voltage or current balance relay |
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What is a 62 relay? |
Time delay stopping or opening relay |
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What is a 63 relay? |
Pressure switch |
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What is a 64 relay? |
Ground detector relay |
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What is a 65 relay? |
Governor |
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What is a 66 relay? |
Notching or jogging device |
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What is a 67 relay? |
Ac directional overcurrent device |
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What is a 68 relay? |
Blocking or out-of-step relay |
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What is a 69 relay? |
Permissive control device |
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What is a 74 relay? |
Alarm relay |
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What is a 75 relay? |
Position changing mechanism |
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What is a 76 relay? |
Dc overcurrent relay |
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What is a 78 relay? |
Phase angle measuring relay |
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What is a 79 relay? |
Ac reclosing relay |
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What is a 81 relay? |
Frequency relay |
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What is a 83 relay? |
Automatic selective control or transfer relay |
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What is a 84 relay? |
Operating mechanism |
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What is a 85 relay? |
Pilot communication carrier or pilot |
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What is a 86 relay? |
Lockout relay |
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What is a 87 relay? |
Differential protective relay |
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What is a 89 relay? |
Line switch |
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What is a 90 relay? |
Regulating device |
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What is a 91 relay? |
Voltage directional relay |
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What is a 92 relay? |
Voltage and power directional relay |
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What is a 94 relay? |
Tripping or trip free relay |
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U stand for in relays? |
Units |
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B stand for in relays? |
Bus |
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G stand for in relays? |
Ground or generator |
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L stand for in relays? |
Line |
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N stand for in relays? |
Neutral |
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T stand for in relays? |
Transformer |
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What does reliability mean? |
Dependability + security |
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What does a SEL-C234A communication cable show up as? |
Com 1 |
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What to go to to set up communication? |
Parameters |
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What does a SEL-C662 communication cable show up as? |
CP210X USB to UART Bridge |
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What does a SEL-C664 communication cable show up as? |
UART Bridge SEL Fast CDC USB |
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What are the typical relay port settings for SEL relays for data speed, data bit, stop bit, and parity? |
Data speed= 9600 Data bit= 8 Stop bit= 1 Parity= none |
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Before attempting to send or receive settings or gather event reports, what symbal do you need to see on the communications terminal? |
= |
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What is the level 1 command and password on the communication terminals for the SEL relays? |
Command= ACC Password= OTTER |
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What is the level 2 command and password on the communication terminal on the SEL relay? |
Command= 2AC Password= TAIL |
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All SEL relays have what type of jumpers? |
Password |
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Are mainly used for telecommunication, tele-protection, and tele-monitoring between electrical substations through power lines at high voltages, such as 110kv,220kv, and 400kv? |
Power line communication carriers |
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Carrier waves range from? |
24khz to 500khz |
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The PLCC components consist of thes 6 sections? |
1.Transmitters and Receivers 2. Hybrids and Filter 3. Line Tuners 4. Line Traps 5. Power Amplifiers 6. Coupling Capacitors |
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What type of event would you pull for a COMTRADE file? |
Raw event |
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What does CCVT stand for and what does it do? |
It is a coupling capacitor voltage transformer that uses a capacitive voltage divider to reduce transmission voltage to a level safe for metering and relay devices |
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This is a relay function that logs the date, time, state, and element when any internal relay element changes state? |
(SER) sequential events recorder |
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In a 60 Hz power system, one cycle equals how many milliseconds? |
16.67 |
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If in doubt, what type of event report should you retrieve? |
A raw, compressed, 16-sample-per-cycle, full-length event report |
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Which report type includes fault location? |
History report |
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1.Initial, visual analysis of most events? 2. Helps you determine what additional event data you need? |
Standard, filtered event report |
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Designed to be downloaded, stored, and displayed by communications processors, spreadsheets or database programs, or synchrowave software? |
Compressed event report |
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1. Analyze transformer differential relay operation and instrument transformer transients. 2. Preferable format for creating COMTRADE files. 3. Analyze harmonic content of CCVT transient. 4. Display the waveform of a saturated CT or the DC offset of the current inputs. |
Raw event report |
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1. Used for acceptance or commissioning testing. 2. Notify a connected communications processor or real-time automation controller (RTAC) of an event, woth appropriat programming. 3. Automatically broadcast summary report data to the terminal emulation screen with each relay operation. 4. Quickly assess relay operation to boost efficiency and productivity. |
Summary report |
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1. Quickly review timing sequence, such as time-delayed tripping elements, programmable timers, and reclosing logic. 2. Test time-delayed tripping elements and logic without programming and wiring output contacts to external test equipment timers. |
SER Report |
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1.Perform initial inspection when any event has occured to decide which report to retrieve for further analysis 2. Quickly determine element timing 3. Verify what settings groups were enabled. 4. Determine of faults are continually the same type and occur in the same location. 5. Determine if certain reclose operations are more successful than others. |
History Report |
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What are the 3 main categories of commands for retrieving event reports? |
Event= EVE history= HIS sequential events recorder= SER |
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Which retrieval command will retrieve the most recent event? |
EVE |
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This is a command that shows event reports n ( n= 1 to highest numbered event report, where 1 is the most recent report). If n is omitted, the most recent report is displayed. |
EVE n |
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This is a command that shows event report n in raw ( unfiltered) data with 16 samples per cycle resolution. |
EVE n R |
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This is a command that shows event report n using compressed ASCII format for use with SEL-5601 Analytic Assistant. |
EVE n C |
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This is a command that shows event report n with analog data only. |
EVE n A |
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This is a command that shows event report n with digital data only. |
EVE n D |
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This is a command that shows event report n with communications data only. |
EVE n M |
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This is a command that shows event report n with x samples per cycle (x=4 or 16). |
EVE n Sx |
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This is a command that shows the event report n with 16 samples per cycle (similar to EVEn S16). |
EVE n L |
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This is a command that shows the first y cycles of event report of event report n ( y= 1 to global setting LER) |
EVE n Ly |
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This is a command that shows event report n with variable scailing for analog values. |
EVE n |
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This is the command that shows the event report n with sampled values in secondary amperes and volts instead of primary amperes and kv. |
EVE SEC n |
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This command shows the third event report |
EVE 3 |
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This command shows the third event report, where data is unfiltered or raw. |
EVE 3 R |
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This is the command that shows the most recent event report in a compressed format |
EVE C |
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This is the command that shows only the analog data from the tenth event report. |
EVE 10 A |
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This is a command that shows only digital data from the ninth event report |
EVE 9 D |
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This is the command shows only communications data from the twentieth event report. |
EVE 20 M |
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This is the command that shows the most recent event report with 4 samples per cycle or 1/4- cycle resolution. |
EVE S4 |
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This is a command the shows the second event report 16 samples per cycle. |
EVE 2 L |
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This is the command that shows the first ten cycles of data from the fourth event report |
EVE 4 L10 |
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What is the command that displays an event report in a compressed format? |
CEVn |
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This command displays unfiltered data from event report n in a compressed format. |
CEV n R |
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This command displays y cycles of unfiltered data from event report n in a compressed format. |
CEV n Ly |
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This command will clear all event summaries from nonvolatile memory. |
HIS C |
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This command shows the latest n rows in the SER report. |
SER n |
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This command shows rows m through n in the SER report |
SER m n |
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This command shows all the rows in the SER report recorded on the specified date |
SER d1 |
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This command shows all rows in the SER report recorded between dates d1 and d2, inclusive |
SER d1 d2 |
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What does ER stand for? |
Event report trigger |
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What does LER stand for? |
Length of event report |
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What does PRE stand for? |
Length of prefault data |
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What does ERDG stand for? |
Event report digitals |
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What does the SHO G command show? |
Means show global settings and shows the LER setings |
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What does the SHO R command mean? |
It means show report settings for LER settings |
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These settings specify the number of cycles of data recorded by the relay |
LER settings |
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This defines the elements that the SER monitors for state changes |
SER trigger list |
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FID=SEL-751A-R310-V0-Z007003-D20150206
what is SEL-751A? |
Relay Model |
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FID=SEL-751A-R310-V0-Z007003-D20150206
What is R310-VO? |
Firmware (FW) Version |
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FID=SEL-751A-R310-VO-Z007003-D20150206
What is Z007? |
Version Number |
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FID=SEL-751A-R310-V0-Z007003-D20150206
What is D20150206? |
Date of FW release |
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SELogic control equation are made up of two components? |
1. Relay word bits 2. Logic operators |
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1.Simple test which input quantities are slowly manipulated to determine whether the relay operates within published specifications 2. Example: pickup test of an instantaneous overcurrent element. |
Static test |
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1. Complicated tests that more closely simulate an actual fault on the power systems. 2. Example: apply normal load current and then switch to fault current. |
Multistate test |
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1.Allow relays at both ends of the line to be tested in unison. 2. Example: testing line current differential or directional comparison pilot schemes. |
End-to-End tests |
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1.Best test of a protection systems. 2. Review event reports captured by digital relays during the fault to determine whether the protection system operated as expected. |
System fault test |
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1.Digital relays can record COMTRADE event reports during a system fault. 2. The COMTRADE files can be "played back" by test sets. 3. If a system event resulted in a relay misoperation, modify settings within the relay, play back the COMTRADE file into the relay, and verify that the new settings are appropriate. |
Fault Playback |
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What are the 3 tools associated with the testing of SEL protective relays? |
1. Relay Word Bits 2. Sequential Events Recorder (SER) 3. Event Reports |
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This file contains a signal that more closely mimics the power system and can also be used as a test file for relays? |
COMTRADE file |
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This command will show a brief historical summary of the n latest reports, where 1 is the most recent entry. |
HIS n |
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This command will show a history report in a compressed format. |
C HIS |
