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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anti-Semitism |
discrimination against Jews
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aquifer |
an underground layer where water collects
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autocracy |
a government controlled by one person who has not won a free election
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Ayatollah |
title for high-ranking Shia Muslim leaders in Iran
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caliph |
Muslims’ political and religious leader
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civilization |
culture with a written language in which people have many different kinds of jobs
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Cleric |
religious leader
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coup |
sudden violent overthrow of a government, often by the military
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Crusades |
religious wars in which Christian soldiers from Europe aimed to stop the spread of Islam and to retake control of Palestine, also called the Holy Land
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dictator |
leader with complete control over government
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Fertile Crescent |
a region with good conditions for growing crops that stretches from the Mediterranean coast east through Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) to the Persian Gulf
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fossil fuel |
nonrenewable resource formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient plants and animals
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fundamentalism |
belief that holy books should be taken literally, word for word
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Intifada |
a Palestinian campaign of violent resistance against Israeli control
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jihad |
Arabic word meaning “struggle”
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Messiah |
a leader (Jesus Christ)chosen by God who would restore the Jewish nation and help create God’s kingdom in the world
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monotheism |
the belief in a single God |
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mosque |
Islamic house of worship |
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prophet |
a messenger of God |
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Quran |
holy book of Islam |
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shah |
Persian word for king |
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terrorism |
use of violence to create fear for political reasons |
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Zionism |
a movement to create a Jewish state in Jews’ historic homeland in Palestine
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Zoroastrianism |
an Iranian religion that dates back to ancient times
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