South West Study Area: Settlement Patterns

Front 1

Define the following terms:
centralisation, central place, urban network, threshold population, range of a good, order.

Back 1

Centralisation: establishments such as businesses providing g & s have a tenedancy to gather together in central places rather than being scattered evenly over the land surface.

central place: an urban settlement which provides the people of the surrounding rural area with g & s.

urban network: arrangement of the group of urban places of various sizes in any area.

threshold population: minimum number of people needed to make a good or service economically viable.

range of a g or s: maximum distance that people are prepared to travel in order to obtain a good or service from a central place. (low - small range, high- large range).

order: lower orders have smaller populations, higher orders have larger populations, towns ranked based on population size.

Front 2

Define:
heirarchy, spacing, functional complexity, hinterland, functional region.

Back 2

Heirarchy: the higher the order, the smaller the amount of central places that are in that order.

spacing: the distance between towns of the same order and towns of different orders.

functional complexity: the sum total of all functions offered in a central place, can be used instead of population to establish orders.

hinterland: the area of influence a city has outside of the official city boundary.

functional region: characterised by the flow of goods, services, info and people in and out of the central place along a network of communication links.

Front 3

Relationships between size, number, spacing and functional complexity.
1. Define these.

Back 3

1. Size- the order that a settlement is in (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
2. Number- the amount of settlements in a particular order.
3. Spacing- approximate distance between towns.
4. Functional complexity- the number and types of functions in a settlement.

Front 4

Relationship between size and number.

Back 4

- the smaller the order of a settlement, the more towns in that order.
e.g. there will be 8 first order towns, 7 second order, 4 third order, 3 second order and one first order.
- inverse relationship between size and number.

Front 5

Relationship between size and spacing.

Back 5

- lower order settlements are close together.
- a great distance separates high order settlements.

Front 6

Relationship between size and functional complexity.

Back 6

- lower order settlements have a lower functional complexity that high order settlements.
- 5th order settlements have the greatest functional complexity.
- 1st order settlements have the least functions offered.
- specialised towns can be small in population size but have a high functional complexity. e.g. tourist towns with many cafe's

Front 7

Example of a first order settlement.

Back 7

Wokalup, North Dandalup.
functions offered: general store, petrol station, hotel.

Front 8

Example of a second order settlement.

Back 8

Yarloop, South Dandalup, Coolup.
functions: all in first order plus, primary school, hotel, supermarket, bakery, hall, post office, church, roadhouse.

Front 9

Example of a third order settlement.

Back 9

Waroona, Brunswick Junction.
functions: all in second order plus, pub, sports field, bank, two supermarkets, shire offices, junior high school, newsagent.

Front 10

Example of a fourth order settlement.

Back 10

Harvey.
functions: all in third order plus, police station, law courts, car yard, shire offices, two newsagents, two IGA's, dress store, accountant, small hospital.

Front 11

Example of a fifth order settlement.

Back 11

Collie, Pinjarra.
functions: all in fourth order plus, shopping centre, several clothing stores, senior high school, catholic primary school, large hospital, lawyer, fast food outlets.
Perth has all of these on a larger scale + state government and head offices of business.

Front 12

Example of a specialised town.

Back 12

Tourist- Dunsborough, Margaret River, Kalbarri.
functions: ample accommodation, cafe's, restaurants, cheese factory, chocolate factory, clothing stores, tourist bureau.

Retirement- Busselton
Timber- Pemberton, Yarloop
Historical- York, Albany.

Front 13

Explain how population and functions of a central place may change over time.

Back 13

- Town which a depends on a resource for employment may become a ghost town after resource is depleted, production stops. e.g. Ravensthorpe
- discovery of a resource may cause the population and functions of a town to grow.
- historical town become a tourist attraction, functions and population may grow e.g. York