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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Religions in India
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Hinduism (majority), then Muslim (next) and Buddhism, Christianity, Sikh, Janism
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Who was the founder of Buddhism?
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Siddhartha (originally prince Gautama)
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What are the 4 noble truths?
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1. life is suffering
2. suffering is caused by desire 3. end of suffering by getting rid of desire 4. find the path of the middleway |
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Nirvana
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Goal of Buddhism - state of enlightenment
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What is the caste system in India based on?
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1. heirarchy is normal
2. purity and impurity |
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What are the castes in India?
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4 castes -
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Name 3 empires in India.
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Maurya, Gupta and Mughal
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What are the origins of Hinduism?
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1500 BC
no founder or church or leader no established guidelines |
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Vedas
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hymns, prayers, rituals
recited at weddings/funerals/religious ceremonies originated 1500 BC - 100 BC Defines - truth passed down by word |
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Upanishads
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scriptures in the Vedas
800-200 BCE majority composed emphasizes sacrifices=rewards polythetistic - but all gods a part of great god - Braham |
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Dharma
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b
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Karma
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b
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Reincarnation
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soul is reborn in a new body
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Moksha
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true goal - freeing soul from body - uiting with Braham
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Eightfold path
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1. understand the truths
2. think kindly, act kindly, speak kindly and truthfully 3. avoid dwelling in past/future 4. do not be attached to actions 5. have a job that doesn't harm others 6. be determined to cleanse your mind 7. be aware of what you are doing (mindfulness) 8. practice meditation |
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What is ritual purity?
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b
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What is Varna?
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4 castes and untouchables
1. Brahmin - priests and teachers 2. Kshatriyas - warriors and rulers 3. Vaisyas - merchants/traders 4. Sudras - servants, workers 5. Dalits - untouchables |
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What is Jati?
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Subcastes below the main castes - many, many
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Maurya Empire
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founder Chandagupta Maurya
reigned 321-461 achievements - peace, trade, irrigation systems, roads, united northern Asia, great defense system |
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What are 3 main Gods of Hinduism?
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Braham - supreme god - goal is to unite soul with
Vishnu - preserver, protects creations of Braham Shiva - the destroyer - power over birth/death, can be angry or compassionate |
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Samasara
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cycle of birth-death-rebirth
reincarnated - reborn until united with Braham |
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Suttee
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widows cremate themselves on their dead husbands funeral pyre - if they do not they live in shame
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Who was Asoka?
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grandson of founder of Maurya Empire
initially ruled harshly later converted to Buddhism and wanted peac encouraged unity |
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Gupta Empire
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founder Chandragupta 1
Lasted more than 300 years achievements - arts,literature,murals and paintings, indian plays still done today math - decimal system, concept of 0, symbols for 1-9, shape and size of earth |
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Mughal Empire
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founder Babur
reign 1526 - lasted 300 years achievements - arts and architecture, unique Indian style, build Taj Mahal |
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Akabur
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grandsom of founder of Mughal empire
ruled 1556-1605 master of compromise abolished tax on Hindus united Muslims and Hindus |
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British East India Company
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England established trade in 1600
How British gain political/economic |
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Amristar Massacre
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b
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Gandhi
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b
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Sepoy Rebellion
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b
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Indian National Congress
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b
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Muslim League
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b
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Dadabhai Naoroji
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b
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cultural imperialism
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Cultural imperialism is the practice of promoting, distinguishing, separating, or artificially injecting the culture or language of one nation into another. It is usually the case that the former is a large, economically or militarily powerful nation and the latter is a smaller, less important one.
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geography of India
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1/3 size of USA
bordering countries - Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan bordering waters - Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean 2nd most populous country 15 major languages (700 minor ones) Agricultural |
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nationalism
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Nationalism is a term that refers to a doctrine[1] or political movement[2] that holds that a nation—usually defined in terms of ethnicity or culture—has the right to constitute an independent or autonomous political community based on a shared history and common destiny.
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How did geography help South Asia develop separately from the rest of Asia?
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Gondwanaland collided with the Asican continent pushing up the Himalaya and Hindu Kush mountain ranges, forming barriers that separated south Asian from the rest of Asia -
the rest of the Indian subcontinent is surrounded by water |
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What are the 3 major geographic regions of India?
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northern mountains
northern plains the Deccan plateau |
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the northern mountains
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Himalayas to the northeast and the Hindu Kush to the northwest
mountain passes - Khyber pass origins of water system agriculture - wheat and rice goats Kashmir Valley - cashmire wool |
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the northern plains
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benefits from 3 large rivers (Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra)
fertile soil - long growing season densely populated - millions Thar desert - |
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Deccan plateau
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half of south Asia
Vindhya mountains boundary between north and south India - promoted development of regional cultures Eastern and Western Ghats |
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monsoon
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seasonal wind which dominates climate of south Asia
farmers plant in the dry earth before the monsoon comes |
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monsoon cycle
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west monsoon arrives May or June
Temperatures may be as high as 120 October cool air from mountains blows toward sea bringin dry season |
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dialect
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regional variation of language with its own words, expressions, and pronunciations
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how many languages are in India?
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15 official languages, 35 major regional languages recognized, 700 languages and dialects - only 30% of population speak Hindi, English is also spoken widely
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Karma
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law of Karma states that every deed - mental or physical - in this life affects a person's fate in a future life - a person's fate in this life is do to deeds in a past life
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Dharma
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each caste has its duties and obligations - a guide to conduct
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atman
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soul
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Describe the conflicts between Muslims and Hindus - history
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Islam founded mid 600s
Waves of Muslims swept into SA 1200 - Delhi Sultans - ruled for 300 yrs Did not force Hindu to become Muslim - but taxed them 1398 Mongol invaders weakened Delhi sultans. |
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Describe the conflicts between Muslims and Hindus -
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Muslims not absorbed into Hindu society
differences - 1. Muslim's one god, Hindus many gods 2. Islam - all equal under god, Hindu caste system 3. Muslims one book (Koran) - Hindu many books 4. Muslim - cattle food, Hindus - cattle worshipped Under Mughul empire - brilliant culture developed - Urdu |
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positive effects of British rule
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improved roads and modernized ports
build railroad and telegraph improved communications improved health care and sanitation schools and colleges Indians learned about political ideals such as liberty, freedom, democratic rule |
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negative effects of British rule
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destruction of traditional Indian economy - became dependent on trade with Britain
had to grow cash crops to pay for trade with Britai food production declined urbanization of population "learned" that British culture was superior to Indian suffered effects of racism |
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Sepoy Rebellion
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sepoys (Indian troops)
1857 recipitated by rumor that rifles greased with beef or pork (Muslims can't touch pork, Hindus cow sacred) Also feared that they would have to fight overseas - believed would lose their caste savage acts on both sides British finally put down rebellion |
