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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the first modern winery and still oldest in operation? |
Vina Ochagavia founded by the "father of Chilean wines" -- Sylvester Ochagavia in 1851 |
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Who are the founding fathers of Chile? |
Vina Ochagavia - 1851 Cousino Macul - 1856 Vina San Pedro - 1865 Vina Errazuriz - 1870 Santa Carolina - 1875 Santa Rita - 1880 Concha y Toro - 1883 Undarraga - 1885 |
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What is MOVI? |
an association of small quality-oriented Chilean wineries who come together to share a common goal to make wine personally on a human scale - emphasize smaller wineries rather than huge ones |
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Which political leader opened the doors for Chilean wine exports until 1990? |
Oppressive dictator Augusto Pinochet |
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Who brought temp. controlled, stainless steal fermentations, new barriques and pneumatic press to Chile? |
Miguel Torres Also known for his contributions to Priorat and introducing stainless steal fermentations there as well |
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Who founded Lapostelle? |
Grand Marnier |
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Who founded Vina Aquitaine in 1990? |
Bruno Prats ( former owner of Cos d'Estournel) Paul Pontallier (current managing director at Cht. Margaux) |
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Who is responsible for Sena and what is its special recognition? |
- Robert Mondavi and Eduardo Chadwick founded Sena in 1995 as part of Errazuriz - Won 2004 Berlin blind tasting w first growth bordeaux |
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Describe general climate and geography of Chile. |
- Andes Mountains form natural divide w/ Argentina - Atacama desert blocks entrance from Peru to the North - Spans 17 to 53 degrees latitude and its width never exceeds 350 km - viticulture happens from Region III to Region X - Norte Chico - climate is hot, arid Zona Central - warm, mediterranean Zona Sur - cool, rainy, maritime - Humboldt Current moderates temp. - El Nino is weakening and warming of Humboldt Current |
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Describe geology and soil of Chile generally. |
- Oceanic Nazca plate pushes under South American plate - prone to subduction earthquakes - Central Valley river systems move volcanic sediments down into intermediate depression w/ clay and loam - Chilean coast is million year old granite of differing ages - |
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List the two important Chilean wine laws that stand as foundation for the system. |
- Law # 18,455 passed in 1985 defined wine as fermentation from vitis vinifera grapes, 11/5% alc. - DO system debuted as Agricultural Decree # 464 -- enacted in 1994 and into effect in 1995 |
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What are the four tiers of DO in Chile? |
Viticultural Regions Subregions - most common on label zones Areas ** similiar to South Africa |
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What are the requirements for varietal and vintage? |
75% min but 85% in practice to abide by EU laws ** Pais may not appear on label reserva to reserva especial labels do not carry any legal weight |
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What did the 2012 Decree # 464 do to Chilean wine law? |
Added regions of Atacama and Austral label terms: - Costa "coast" - Entre Cordilleras "between the mountains" - Andes 85% of grapes from that region |
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What is the most planted grape in Chile and what are the general number in acreage? |
Cabernet Sauvignon 75% of 125,000 ha planted red 1/3 planted to Cabernet Sauvignon |
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Describe history of Carmenere in Chile. |
- known as Merlot until 1994 when Jean-Michel Bouriquot referred to grape as "merlot Chilean" - ripens one month past Merlot, tighter cluster, leaves turn deep red in Autumn, difficult to graft - It is crossing of Cabernet Franc X Gros Cabernet Peumo DO may be single best location in Chile for Carmenere |
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Name two top bottling of Carmanere. |
Errazuriz "Kai" Concha y Toro "Carmin de Peumo" |
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What is Pais? |
- it is the Mission grape - acreage has diminished significantly - light bodied red with high tannins - used in Pipeno blends - Miguel Torres created first-ever sparkling rose of Pais |
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What are Chilean regions from North to South? |
Atacama Coquimbo Aconcagua Valley Central Sur Austral |
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Where is this? |
Elqui Valley DO highest growing region in Chile Syrah does well here Earth's magnetic field is strongest here Northernmost of Coquimbo's regions areas: la serena (coastal) Vicuna (Andes) Paiguano (Andes) |
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What are the DO's of Atacama? |
Huasco DO - grape and olive region Valle de Copiapo DO - capital city of Atacama |
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What is Chilean Pisco? How does it different from that sourced from Peru? |
- Brandy produced in Northern Chile and Southern Peru - EU rejected Chile's claim to label Pisco grapes: moscatel (muscat of Alexandria) Moscatel rosado moscatel de Austria (torrentes Sanjuanino) Torentel (moscatel Amarillo) -- crossing of Pais X Muscat of Alexandria Pedro Jimenez - better production and more aromatic in Peru - pisco coke is favored in Chile - Ceviche is pairing |
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What are the DO's of Coquimbo? |
Elqui Valley DO Limari DO Choapa DO Narrowest sector of Chile Most mountainous severe water shortages |
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What is Vina Falernia? |
Chilean-Italian venture first explored potential of Elqui DO in mid-1990's "Alta tierra" reference point for Chilean Syrah |
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What is Videos de Alcohuaz? |
2200 meters high in Andes Marcelo Retamal and Patricio Flano offer foot-crushed syrah and aged in concrete |
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What is Valle del Limari known for and its areas? |
Chardonnay - one of best for Chile, most planted Area: - Ovalle - Monte Patria - Punitaqu - Rio Hurtado flat land Comanchanca fogs Ovalle is capital |
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What are areas of Choapa DO and what region does it lie within? |
Region: Coquimbo Areas: Salamanca Illapel - narrowest section of Chile - De Martino largest vineyard owner One winery is based in Choapa -- Domaine de Manson (MOVI member) |
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What are the subregions located within Aconcagua? |
Aconcagua Casablanca San Antonio |
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What is the highest peak in South America? |
Mount Aconcagua -- located in Mendoza |
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What are the areas of Aconcagua? |
- Hijuelas - Panquehue - Catemu - Llaillay - San Felipe - Santa Maria - Calle Large - Quillota - San Esteban |
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Most important producer from Aconcagua? |
Errazuriz which was est. 1870 - partnered w/ Mondavi for Sena |
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Most planted grapes in Aconcagua DO. |
Cabernet Sauvignon Syrah Carmanere |
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What is the area of Casablanca DO and what is it known for? |
area: Casablanca grapes: chardonnay, sauvignon blanc, pinot noir, syrah Defined as Costa area 75% of grapes are white compare to Sts. Rita Hills |
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Where is Leyda? |
San Antonio DO produces Marlborough like aromatic whites 50% sauvignon blanc plantings Areas within San Antonio: Cartagena Algarrobo San Juan Santo Domingo |
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List the DO's of Valle Central. |
Maipo Rapel - warmest Curico Maule Climate - warm mediterranean, semi-arid |
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What is most important about Maipo DO? |
Maipo surrounds Santiago Cabernet Sauvignon represents half the plantings mostly entire cordilleras more Napa than Bordeaux in style |
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What are areas of Maipo DO? |
Santiago Pirque Puente Alto Buin Isla de Maipo Talagante Melipilla Alhué María Pinto Colina Calera de Tango Til Til Lampa |
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Top producers from Maipo DO. |
Don Melchor, Almaviva, Vinedo Chadwick - Alvaro Espinoza's "Antiyal" - Santa Rita "Casa Real" |
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What is Chile's most heavily planted DO sub-region? |
Rapel DO Zones: Cachapoal Colchagua producers may blend between zones |
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What are areas of Cachapoal? |
Rancagua Requínoa Rengo Peumo Machalí Coltauco |
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What is important about Cachapoal DO? |
Entre cordilleras DO PEUMO high regard for carmenere Santa Carolina "Herencia" Concha y Toro "Carmin de Peumo" Large wineries own much of Cachapoal Producers: Altair and Anakena |
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What is Clos des Fous? |
Pedro Parra is a risk-bearer and grows wines at the extreme margin |
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Areas of Colchagua are... |
San Fernando Chimbarongo Nancagua Santa Cruz Palmilla Peralillo Lolol Marchigüe Litueche, La Estrella Paredones Pumanque |
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What is important about Colchagua DO? |
2/3 is entre cordilleras second only to Maule in vine acreage Brands: Cono Sur Viu Manent Casa Silva Apalta (earthquake) - most important yet unofficial subpoena for quality reds - "Clos Apalta" - Lapostelle - "Alpha M" - Montes -old vines dating back to 1920's |
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What are areas of Curico? |
Molina Rauco Romeral Sagrads Familia Vichuquen |
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Important things about Curico. |
Cab Sav. most planted - more pyrazines, cooler San Pedro is second largest winery in Chile Vina Echeverria doesn't use Curico on label (important producer) Miguel Torres in 1979 - 100 yr old vines "Manso de Velasco" plot |
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Maule DO zones: |
Claro Lonocomilla Tutuven |
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Important things about Maule DO |
1/4 chilean production more acreage than any other sub region |
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What are the most planted varieties in Maule DO and then what other grapes are notable here? |
Cabernet Sauvignon Pais Old- vine malbec Old-vine semillion/ |
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Maule Areas .. |
Empedrado, Curepto, Talca, Pencahue, San Rafael, San Javier, Villa Alegre, Parral, Linares, Longaví, Retiro, Cauquenes, San Clemente, Colbún |
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What is VIGNO? |
after 2010 earthquake, dozen wineries created "Vignadores de Carignan" - preservation of old-vine caring - Ricardo Baetigg sees a reason to protect it - requirements: dry-farmed, w/ at least 30 yrs aging 65% carignan minimum 2 years aging no regulatory controls on this at all **could become country's first DOC |
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What is different about climate in SUR? |
36 to 38 degrees latitude Chile's southern region rainfall increases dramatically |
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What region is Concepcion in? |
Sur region Sur is 10% of Chile's total vine acreage |
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Name DO subregions for Itata DO. |
Portezuelo, Coelemu, Chillán, Quillón 10 k hectares Pais most planted red grape variety - dry-farmed |
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Besides Pais what are the other significant grapes of Itata. |
Carignan Muscatel del Aljandria (60-80 yr old vines) Cinsault |
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What are areas of Bio-Bio and what is special here? |
Areas: Yumbel Mulchén year-round greenery Nahuelbuta Mountain Range acts as a rain shadow grapes: pn, chardonnay, s. Blanc, aromatic whites Pais still taste like they are |
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Malleco DO important things to know... |
first modern winery 1997 Area: Traiguen grapes: PN and Chardonnay - rain and cold Two wines: Vina Aquitana "Sol de Sol" Pedro Parra "Clos des Fous" |
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What is the southernmost region in Chile? |
Austral subregions: Cautin Osorno Casa Silva first to use Austral DO Undurraga's Rafael Urrejola growing grapes at the 46th parallel - no commercial vintage yet |
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Name a large producer that has invested in Brazilian sparkling production. |
Moet and Chandon |
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What is Brazil's most developed wine growing region and what percentage of Brazilian wine does it produce? |
Serra Gaucha 90% of Brazilian wine |
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Name some other significant southern regions in Brazil. |
Sao Joaquim Serra do Sudeste Campanha (borders Uruguay) |
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What is the most northerly wine growing region in Brazil? |
San Fransisco Valley two harvests in year very northern part of Brazil - tropical |
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What is distinct about Brazilian wine laws? |
new system of origen indications in Brazils dictates: yield and grape varieties restrictions like the EU *Vale dos Vinhedos -- subregion of Terra Gaucha received Brazils first origin in 2002. |
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Name the primary red and white grapes of Brazil and Uruguay. |
red: Merlot and tannat white: Chardonnay and Muscat Blanc |
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What is another name for Tannat in Uruguay? |
Rechristened "Harriague" after Frenchman Don Pascal Harriague introduced grape to Uruguay |
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What is the name of the Mission grape in Argentina? |
Criolla Chica |
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Where does Argentina rank in world production of wine? |
5th largest 7th largest exporter |
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What is the general climate of viticulture in Argentina (Mendoza)? |
Continental - summer temps may reach 100 degrees lack of moisture prevents fungal diseases Andes act as rain shadow |
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What is the Zonda? |
fierce, dusty hot afternoon wind that blows down from the mountains in late spring/summer - sometimes adversely affecting flowering |
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What is significant about the Donald Hess Colome Estate? |
Some of the highest elevation vineyards in the world |
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What are the most planted RED grapes in Argentina? |
Malbec Bonarda (Savoie's Corbeau, U.S. Charbono) Cabernet Sauvignon Syrah Merlot Tempranillo |
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What are the most planted WHITE grapes in Argentina?
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Pedro Gimenez (bulk wine or concentrate) Torrentes Chardonnay (Mendoza clone developed at UC. Davis, prone to uneven ripening) Chenin Blanc |
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What are the pink skin varietals of Argentina? |
Cereza, Criolla Chica, Criolla Grande |
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What do Reserva and Gran Reserva designations mean in Argentina? |
Reserva: white- 6 months aging, red- 1 year aging Gran Reserva: white- 1 year, red 2 years |
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What are the winemaking regions of Argentina? |
Cuyo IG (Mendoza, La rioja, San Juan) Patagonia IG (Neuquen, Rio Negro, La Pampa) North Region (Salta, Catamarca, Jujuy, Tucuman) Center Region (Córdoba Argentina) |
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What are the subregions of La Rioja IG?
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Chileito Famatina (most famous) Felipe Varela |
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What is Argentina's 2nd largest wine producing region behind Mendoza? |
San Juan IG |
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How large (in hectares) is Mendoza? |
157,000 ha |
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What are the major natural features of Mendoza IG? |
Andes, Mendoza River, Diamonte River, Tunuyan River, Atuel River |
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Name some great producers from Mendoza. |
Susanna Balbo "Dominio del Plata" Bressia "Ultim Hoja" Achaval Ferrer "Altamira" "Finca Mirador" "Quimera" Cantena Zapata " Estiba Reservada" Bodegas Weinert |
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What is the second most planted grape in Argentina? |
Bonarda |
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What are the five subregions of Mendoza? |
Vallée de Uco IG Northern Mendoza Eastern Mendoza Central Mendoza (Lujan de Cuyo IG and DOC) Southern Mendoza (San Rafael DOC) |
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What is the soil of Mendoza? |
loose alluvial sand over clay and helped fight off phylloxera |
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Define Furrow Irrigation. |
rivers' water, swelled by Andes snowmelt, is directed through vineyards in channels or modern methods of drip irrigation |
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What is significant about Bodegas Chacra out of Rio Negro? |
spearheaded by Sassacaia, super-premium PN |
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What are the subregions of Salta IG? |
Cashi Cafayette ---- Susanna Balbo "Crios" Molinos San Carlos |
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What was the first winery to bring Michell Roland to Argentina? |
Etchart |
