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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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South America is a realm of this. states in which two or more cultural groups live in adjacent areas but rarely integrate. cultural geography is a kaleidoscope of endless variety.
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plural societies
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farming for financial return, the field workers are paid, and land owners make a profit.
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commercial agriculture
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millions of South Americans live directly off the land...may be life sustaining but not profitable. *peones.
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subsistence agriculture
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a key industry in the temperate south.
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livestock ranching
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a system of river locks that is opening most of the Parana-Paraguay Basin to barge transport. In southern South America. investments flow freely in agricultural sector.
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Hidrovia
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trading bloc of "Market South" comprises customs unions linking Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Venezuela, Bolivia, Chile, and Mexico as associate members. launched in 1995
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Mercosur
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founded in 2004 in Cuzco, Peru. intended as a forerunner to a union of all 12 South American states similar to EU.
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South American community of Nations
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promoted by NAFTA proponents from North and Middle America. peasants against it. free trade area from alaska to Tierra del Fuego. political circumstance have not been conducive to this initative.
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Free Trade Area of Americas FTAA
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urban population percentage is 80 %. people are leaving land and moving to the cities. has surpassed the US and Europe in urban population numbers.
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rural-urban migration
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a map in which statistical info is shown in diagrammatic form.
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cartogram
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southern South America is most highly urbanized. Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay, at least 87 % of peeps reside in cities and towns. Brazil is close behind.
subsistence dominated Andean countries constitute the realm's least urbanized zone |
urban zones
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Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo, Brazil. pops. exceed 10 million.
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megacities
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one of more modest housing interspersed with unkempt areas, representing a transition from inner-ring affluence to outer-ring poverty.
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zone of in situ accretion
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where workers are undocumented and money transactions are beyond the control of government. shantytowns like barrios.
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informal sector
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The North, The West, The South (also called Southern Cone) Argentina, Uruguay, and Chile, and Brazil...dominant Iberian influence is Portuguese. Africans form a significant element in demography and culture. Brazil is like a bridge between Americas and Africa.
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4 regions of South America
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North of Peru. most of country's 48.2 million people live in western and northern parts. coffee crop is huge here because of templada zones on the Andean slopes. *ilicit narcotics industry here...cocoa crop production centers.
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Colombia
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armed rebellion against a constituted authority
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insurgent state
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a phase where a rebel group movement reveals itself to be strong enough to challenge government forces.
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contention
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a country whose institutions have collapsed and in which anarchy prevails.
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failed state
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capital is Caracas...located in Uplands. The country's third largest city, Maracaibo, is FOCUS of the petroleum industry that transformed the Venezuelan economy in the 1970s.
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Venezuela
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president of Venezuela. office in 1999. re-elected in 2006.
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Hugo Chavez
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a crucial region in significant transition, where U.S. ambitions and intentions collide.
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Andean South America (the West)
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Sierra subregion occupies about one third of the country and is the ancestral home of the largest component in the total population. Potatoes, barley, and corn are among the subsistence crops grown here in the tierra fria zone.
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PERU
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north of PERU. nearly half of pop. is concentrated in the Andean intermontane basins and valleys coastal strip is most productive region.
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Ecuador
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landlocked and volatile country. bounded by remote parts of Brazil and Argentina, mountainous Andean highlands and altiplanos (elongated, high-altitude basins) of Peru. 70 % of people live in dire poverty.
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Bolivia
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Bolivia's landlocked neightbor to the southeast. poverty dominates the countryside and the slums encircling the capital, Asuncion. 2/3 of pop. live below the poverty line. history of unstable and corrupt governments.
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Paraguay
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chaotic area where Paraguay, Brazil, and Argentina converge.
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Triple Frontier
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three southern countries- Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. have been drawing closer in an economic union called Mercosur, the hemishphere's second-largest trading bloc oafter NAFTA.
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Southern Cone
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largest Southern Cone country vast majority of population is in PAMPAS (plains) region.
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Argentina
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