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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a volume?
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"box" containing images from different planes
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What does multi-planar mean?
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data from different planes incl. axial, coronal, and sagittal planes
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What is a pixel?
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the basic unit that makes up a 2D image
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What is a voxel?
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the basic unit that makes up a 3D image
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What is a data-set?
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set of images acquired in a volume
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What does it mean for a structure to be anechoic?
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it is "without echoes" - it is fluid filled and transmits sound easily
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What does it mean for a structure to be hypoechoic?
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it produces low level echoes (compared to surrounding stuctures)
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What does it mean for a structure to be hyperechoic?
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it produces higher level echoes than surrounding structures
it reflects sound with a brighter intensity |
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What does it mean for a structure to be echogenic?
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it produces echoes
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If a structure is fluid filled, how will it appear in the ultrasound?
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anechoic
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What is an algorithm?
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a step by step procedure
(to accomplish a task or solve a problem, etc.) |
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What is a "thin slice" image?
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echoes are from the x and y axis
can only be viewed one at a time or with minimal "averaging" techniques |
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What are 10 clinical uses for 3D sonography?
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1 - OB
2 - GYN/IVF 3 - Vascular 4 - Small parts 5 - Biopsies 6 - Prostate 7 - Adult echo 8 - Fetal echo 9 - Neonatal heads 10 - Abdominal |
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What are the 3 orthogonal planes used in 3D sonography?
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longitudinal, transverse, and coronal
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What are the 4 planes used for multiplanar image presentation?
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1: A-plane (acquisition plane)
2: B - plane (90 degrees to A plane) 3: C - plane (usually coronal) 4: Rendered volume |
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What are the 3 techniques used for sonographic volume acquisition?
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manual
sensor based automatic |
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How does the manual technique for acquisition of volumes work?
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operator physically moves the transducer over the body
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How does the sensor based technique for acquisition of volumes work?
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it is a type of manual - volumetrics are done by way of sensor
it is "GPS" like |
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How does the automatic technique for acquisition of volumes work?
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the transducer does its own movement
has all the volumetric capabilities |
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What does slice thickness mean?
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refers to the thickness of the section in the patient that is contributing to echo signals on any one image
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What are five advantages of automatic sonographic volume acquisition?
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1 - no movement of probe
2 - fast acquisition 3 - consistent, uniform acquisition 4 - anatomy is acquired as a volume data 5 - accurate volume measurements |
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Why has coronal plane reconstruction drawn clinical attention?
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It is one scan with 3 dimensions which allows healthcare providers to see things they might have otherwise missed
it is unique to 3D |
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What is placenta previa?
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the placenta attaches to the uterine wall on or very close to the internal cervical os
baby will have to be delivered by C-section |
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What is placental abruption?
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placenta pulls away from uterus and blood collection occurs between the placenta and uterus
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Identify the function, name and number of normal umbilical vessels.
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2 umbilical arteries function to bring deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
1 umbilical vein functions to bring oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus |
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Why is the surface rendering mode useful for identifying facial cleft abnormalities?
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it renders the soft tissue for view, allowing us to see facial features
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What is the maximum mode useful for identifying facial cleft abnormalities?
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it is a transparent effect that allows us to view the bone sutures
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What does TUI have in common with CT and MR image presentation formats?
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displays multiple slices of a volume data set simultaneously
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What does TUI stand for?
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Tomographic Ultrasound Imaging (TUI)
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Why is minimum mode useful for displaying anechoic and hypoechoic fetal structures?
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it displays anechoic and hypoechoic structures in a "solid" form, separate from/next to the original image
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Why is inversion mode useful for displaying anechoic and hypoechoic fetal structures?
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displays anechoic and hypoechoic structures as "solid" structures and removes image of surrounding tissue
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How could the use of TUI change the practice of sonography?
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the simultaneous view of multiple slices of a volume would make analyzing and documenting of images much easier
it also allows for less manipulation by the sonographer (relieving stress on the body) |
