Some Self-Study Physiology Cards

Front 1

Motility of the GIT, types of movementsL

Back 1

1- Mixing movement.
2- Propulsive movement.

Front 2

Mucosa:
Exocrine glands
Endocrine glands

Back 2

Ex: Digestive juices.
En: Gastrointestinal hormones.

Front 3

the distensibility and elasticity of the GIT is provided by

Back 3

the submuscosa

Front 4

The layer containing the meissner's plexus

Back 4

The submuscosa

Front 5

The layer containing the myenteric plexus

Back 5

the muscularis

Front 6

The muscularis consists of

Back 6

an outer longitudinal layer
an inner circular layer

Front 7

The layers of the GIT, outwards inwards:

Back 7

1- Serosa.
2- Muscularis:
a- outer longitudinal.
b- myenteric plexus.
c- inner circular.
3- Submucosa.(meissner's plexus)
4- Mucosa.(endocrine, exocrine + epithelial cells)

Front 8

Where is the mascularis made of striated muscles?

Back 8

1- Pharynx.
2- Proximal half of the esophagus.

Front 9

where can an extra oblique layer be found?

Back 9

1- Stomach.

Front 10

What's so special about the muscularis of the colon?

Back 10

They form three bundles:
Tenia coli.

Front 11

Protection of esophagus against any acidic gastric reflux

Back 11

mucous secretions

Front 12

Chyme

Back 12

Ingested food + gastric secretions

Front 13

Juice secreted by the small intestine

Back 13

succus entericus

Front 14

The myenteric plexus mainly controls the

Back 14

muscular layer

Front 15

The submucosal plexus mainly controls the

Back 15

secretory epithelium and hormone secreting cells

Front 16

a muscle layer that has a myogenic activity

Back 16

the circular muscle layer

Front 17

the UES is supplied by

Back 17

The vagus nerve

Front 18

The EAS is supplied by

Back 18

The pudendal nerve

Front 19

What is the parasympathetic supply of the GIT

Back 19

It's all supplied by the vagus nerve except for the distal colon which is supplied by the pelvic nerve

Front 20

What are the effects of the sympathetic stimulation on the GIT

Back 20

1- Vasoconstriction of splanchnic blood vessels.
2- Enhacement of electrolyte absorption through the wall.
3- Relaxation of the wall.
4- Contraction of the circular muscle of sphincters.

Front 21

Factors that maintain the tonic contractions of the GI sphincters

Back 21

alpha adrenergic or cholinergic effects

Front 22

Factors thatr relax the sphincters

Back 22

beta adrenergic or NANC effects.

Front 23

Endocrine

Back 23

circulation to their target cells

Front 24

Paracrine

Back 24

interstitial fluid nearby cells

Front 25

Autocrine

Back 25

interstitial fluid secretory cells

Front 26

Neurocrine

Back 26

restricted to synaptic regions, neurotransmitters or neuromodulators

Front 27

How does the gastrin family act

Back 27

by secreting the calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum

Front 28

How does the secretin family act

Back 28

activating adenyl cyclase to convert ATP to cAMP

Front 29

The cells that secrete gastrin

Back 29

G cells of the antral mucosa and duodenal mucosa

Front 30

The cells secreting cholycystokinins

Back 30

I cells of the duodenum and jujenum

Front 31

Secretin is secreted by

Back 31

S cells in the upper intestine

Front 32

megacolon

Back 32

Hirschprung's disease

Front 33

Hirschprung's disease

Back 33

absence of ganglion cells