Somatosensory Iii

Front 1

where are inflammatory mediators released from?

Back 1

immune cells and the vasculature

Front 2

chemical that acts on bare nerve terminals of C (unmyelinated) fibers

Back 2

prostaglandins

Front 3

what are prostaglandins synthesized from?

Back 3

arachidonic acid

Front 4

what does aspirin do?

Back 4

it blocks the synthesis of prostaglandins

Front 5

nociceptive pain

Back 5

activation of nociceptors in response to tissue injury

Front 6

neuropathic pain

Back 6

direct damage to nerves

Front 7

what does damage to the anterolateral pathway do?

Back 7

reduces pain and temperature sensation

Front 8

where are anterolateral pathways similar up to.....after this point, they diverge?

Back 8

medulla

Front 9

stimulus to free nerve endings of what types of nociceptors

Back 9

A@ and C nociceptors

Front 10

where are nociceptors found?

Back 10

skin, bone, joints, muscle, internal visceral organs

Front 11

what type of fibers mediate first pain?

Back 11

A@ fibers...immediate, short-lasting, prickling

Front 12

what type of fibers mediate second pain?

Back 12

C fibers...delayed, long lasting, burning

Front 13

what substances does the chemical synapse involve?

Back 13

Glutamate and substance P

Front 14

where do the processes of nociceptors enter the system?

Back 14

lateral part of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

Front 15

where do the second order spinal nuerons synapse?

Back 15

Lamina I/II

Front 16

lateral edge of spinal cord is Lamina_?

Back 16

V

Front 17

lamina near the central canal

Back 17

X

Front 18

where do 2nd order neurons cross to the contralateral side of the spinal cord?

Back 18

anterior commisure

Front 19

where do spinal neurons ascend?

Back 19

Anteriolateral Quadrant Tracts

Front 20

cutting of anterolateral tracts in patients with terminal illness is called

Back 20

cordotomy

Front 21

what happens when you cut the spinal cord (cordotomy on one side)

Back 21

analgesia and athermia on CONTRALATERAL SIDE

Front 22

what occurs with central cord syndrome?

Back 22

syringomyelia (gliosis, cysts, cavitation

Front 23

deficit in central cord syndrome

Back 23

bilateral loss of pain and temp. sensation ONLY in the dermatomes of affected levels

Front 24

the most prominent pain pathway (from spinal cord)

Back 24

Spinalthalamic Tract...terminates in the thalamus

Front 25

what does the spinothalamic tract mediate?

Back 25

discriminitive aspects of pain and temperature sensation (intesity, location, and duration)

Front 26

where to most fibers terminate in the thalamus?

Back 26

VPL (Ventral Posterior Lateral Nucleus)

Front 27

where do the 3rd order neurons of the spinaothalmic tract project?

Back 27

SI (Areas 1,2,3B)

Front 28

what does VPL mediate

Back 28

discrimination and location of pain

Front 29

what two pathways does the VPL recieve information from?

Back 29

Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus and Spinothalamic

Front 30

where do a few fibers terminate in the thalamus?

Back 30

Central Lateral Nucleus

Front 31

where do the 3rd order neurons from the Central Lateral Nuclues terminate?

Back 31

limbic cortex

Front 32

what nuclues is NOT somatotopically organized?

Back 32

Central Lateral Nucleus

Front 33

describe the path of the spinoreticular tract

Back 33

2nd order neurons go from spinal cord to the MEDULLA/PONS in the RETICULAR FORMATION- thalamus- cortex

Front 34

what does the spinoreticular tract do?

Back 34

mediates changes in the level of ATTENTION to painful stimuli, forebrain arousal and affective response to noxious stimuli

Front 35

area of gray matter that surrounds the crebral aqueduct

Back 35

PAG (Periaqueductal Gray)

Front 36

where does the Spinomesencephalic pathway terminate?

Back 36

superior colliculi of the midbrain and the PAG (Periaqueductal Gray)

Front 37

what are the three tracts from the spinal cord?

Back 37

spinothalamic, spinoreticular, spinomesencephalic

Front 38

besides pain and temp sensation, what else does the anterolateral pathway carry a little bit of?

Back 38

crude touch sensation

Front 39

where do thalamic neurons project to?

Back 39

1) SI areas I,2,3B and SII
2) Limbic System
3) Insular Cortex

Front 40

what does the Insular cortex do?

Back 40

processes info about the internal, autonomic state of the body

Front 41

lesions in the Insular Cortex result in what?

Back 41

asymboblia for pain- don't display appropriate emotional responses to pain

Front 42

where/how to trigeminal nociceptors ascend and terminate?

Back 42

lpsilaterally in the Spinal Trigeminal Tract and terminate in the Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus of V

Front 43

how do second order neurons from the Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus of V ascend and go?

Back 43

as the Trigeminothalmic Tract and go to the VPM

Front 44

where do 3rd order neurons from the VMP project?

Back 44

through the Posterior Limb of the INternal Capsule and Corona Radiata up to the LATERAL SI CORTEX

Front 45

what is trigeminal neuralgia?

Back 45

lancinating, severe pain that lasts seconds to minutes, episodes brought on by chewing or shaving or toughing trigger points on face.

Front 46

what plays a big role in the inhibiton of pain?

Back 46

reticular formation