Somatic And Special Senses

Front 1

gather information to detect what is occurring inside and outside the body

Back 1

sensory receptors

Front 2

sensory receptors gather information to ______ what is occurring inside and outside the ______

Back 2

detect, body

Front 3

Somatic Senses:

-T_________

-P_________

-T__________

-P__________

Back 3

touch

pressure

temperature

pain

Front 4

Special Senses:

-S_________

-T_________

-H_________

-E__________

-V________

Back 4

smell

taste

hearing

equilibrium

vision

Front 5

Stimulated by changes in chemical concentration of substances

Back 5

chemoreceptors

Front 6

Stimulated by tissue damage

Back 6

pain receptors

Front 7

Stimulated by changes in temperature

Back 7

thermoreceptors

Front 8

Stimulated by changes in pressure or movement in fluids

Back 8

mechanoreceptors

Front 9

Stimulated by light energy

Back 9

photoreceptors

Front 10

________ - a feeling that occurs when ______ _______ are interpreted by the brain

Back 10

sensations

sensory impulses

Front 11

________- process by which the brain causes a _______ to seem to come from the region of the body being __________

Back 11

projection

sensation, stimulated

Front 12

Sensory _________ is an adjustment that receptors undergo when subjected to _________ stimulation

Back 12

adaptation

continuous

Front 13

what is an example of sensory adaptation?

Back 13

strong odor

Front 14

Somatic senses includes senses associated with the ______, ______, ______, and _______ organs

Back 14

skin, muscles, joints, and visceral organs

Front 15

What are the three kinds of receptors for touch and pressure senses?

Back 15

Free Nerve Endings

Meissner's Corpuscles

Pacinian Corpuscles

Front 16

Free Nerve Endings:

-Receptors for ______ and _______

-______ _____ extend between _________ cells

Back 16

touch and pressure

free ends, epithelial

Front 17

Meissner's Corpuscles:

-______, oval masses of ________ CT cells

-Numerous in the ________ portions of the skin

-Receptors for sensation of ______ touch

Back 17

small, flattened

hairless

light

Front 18

Pacinian Corpuscles:

-Relatively ______ structures composed of CT _______ and cells in ________ and _______

-Receptors for sensations of _______ pressure and are associated with the sensation of ______ pressure

Back 18

large, fibers, tendons and ligaments

heavy, deep

Front 19

Skin receptors include _____ types of free nerve endings, ______ receptors and _______ receptors

Back 19

two

warm and cold

Front 20

Warm receptors (above _____-____ degrees)

are _________ above 113 degrees

Back 20

77-113

unresponsive

Front 21

cold receptors (sensitive between _____ - _____ degrees)

Back 21

50-68

Front 22

when cold receptors are below 50 degrees, they stimulate _______ receptors producing a ________ sensation

Back 22

pain, freezing

Front 23

when warm receptors are above 113 degrees, they stimulate pain receptors producing a _______ sensation

---Warm and cold receptors undergo rapid ________ (within 1 minute)

Back 23

burning

adaptation

Front 24

Sense of pain:

-stimulated by ______ ______

-widely distributed throughout the _____ and internal ______ except ______ tissue in the ______

-adapt ______

-function is ______

Back 24

tissue damage

skin, tissues

nervous, brain

poorly

protection

Front 25

Visceral Pain- pain receptors are the only receptors that produce _________ in _______ _______

Back 25

sensations, visceral organs

Front 26

Referred pain is a feeling as if pain is coming from some other part of the _____ other than the part being stimulated

Back 26

body

Front 27

what are the two main types of nerve fibers?

Back 27

acute and chronic pain fibers

Front 28

Acute Pain Fibers:

-thin, _________ nerve fibers

-conduct impulses ________

-______ pain

Back 28

myelinated

rapidly

sharp

Front 29

Chronic Pain Fibers:

-thin, __________ nerve fibers

-conduct impulses _______

-______, _______ pain

Back 29

unmyelinated

slowly

dull, aching

Front 30

Associated with complex sensory structures in the upper region of nasal cavity

Back 30

sense of smell

Front 31

Olfactory Receptors:

-Olfactory means “__________.”

-Classified as ______________ (chemicals dissolved in liquids stimulate them)

-Receptors are similar to those for __________ (smell and taste function closely together).

Back 31

smell

chemoreceptors

taste

Front 32

Olfactory Organs:

-Contain olfactory ________

-Appear as _________ masses of epithelium

-Cover the upper parts of nasal cavity, _________ _______ _________, and part of the nasal septum

Back 32

receptors

yellowish-brownish

superior nasal conchae

Front 33

bipolar neurons surrounded by columnar epithelial cells

Back 33

olfactory receptor cells

Front 34

in olfactory organs, the sensitive part of the receptor cell is the _______ which is the ______ end and extends into the nasal cavity

Back 34

cilia, dendrite

Front 35

Anosmia is caused by inflammation of the ______ _____ lining, ________ smoking, or use of certain drugs such as cocaine

Back 35

nasal cavity, tobaccco

Front 36

The Olfactory Nerve Pathway is in the ________ and ________ lobes of cerebrum

Back 36

frontal and temporal

Front 37

Taste Buds:

organs of taste, found on the surface of the tongue, a few on the walls of the _____ and in the _____ of the mouth

Taste buds consist of _______ cells (receptors) and _______ supporting cells.

Back 37

throat, roof

taste, epithelial

Front 38

tiny elevations on the tongue

Back 38

papillae

Front 39

opening on the taste bud

Back 39

taste pore

Front 40

sensitive portion of the taste cells which extend through the taste pore

Back 40

taste hairs

Front 41

Taste cells (receptors) are replaced every ______ days

Back 41

three

Front 42

taste bud:

To be detected, a chemical must be dissolved in ______

Back 42

saliva

Front 43

taste nerve pathway- _______ lobe of cerebrum

Back 43

parietal

Front 44

The Outer (external) Ear consists of what three parts?

Back 44

1. auricle

2. external auditory meatus

3. eardrum

Front 45

outer funnel-like structure

Back 45

auricle

Front 46

s-shaped tube that leads through the temporal bone

Back 46

external auditory meatus

Front 47

covered by a thin layer of skin on the outer surface and mucous membrane on the inside

Back 47

eardrum

Front 48

another name for eardrum?

Back 48

tympanic membrane

Front 49

Sound waves cause _______ changes on the ______ reproducing vibrations of sound wave sources

Back 49

pressure, eardrum

Front 50

Sounds are created by ________ of objects transmitted in the form of sound ______.

Back 50

vibrations

waves

Front 51

_______ helps collect sound waves and directs them into the auditory meatus

Back 51

auricle

Front 52

The Middle Ear consists of what 3 parts?

Back 52

1. tympanic cavity

2. three auditory ossicles

3. auditory tube (eustachian tube)

Front 53

Air-filled space in the temporal bone behind the eardrum

Back 53

tympanic cavity

Front 54

what are the three auditory ossicles?

Back 54

1. malleus (hammer)

2. incus (anvil)

3. stapes (stirrup)

Front 55

attached to eardrum

Back 55

malleus

Front 56

Stapes:

held by ligaments to the _____ ______

Back 56

oval window

Front 57

opening in wall of tympanic cavity which leads to the inner ear

Back 57

oval window

Front 58

Vibrations of the stapes causes ______ in the _____ in the inner ear

These vibrations are responsible for stimulating the ________ receptors

Back 58

motion, fluid

hearing

Front 59

Connects middle ear to throat

Back 59

auditory tube (eustachian tube)

Front 60

auditory tube maintains equal _____ _____ on both sides of eardrum (necessary for normal hearing)

Back 60

air pressure

Front 61

the auditory ossicles transmit ________ between _______ and ______ ear, and increase force of vibrations as they pass from _______ to _____ ______

Back 61

vibrations

eardrum and inner ear

eardrum to oval window

Front 62

most important part of hearing

Back 62

inner (internal) ear

Front 63

complex system of communicating chambers and tubes

Back 63

labyrinth

Front 64

Labyrinth consists of what 2 parts?

Back 64

Osseous Labyrinth

Membranous Labyrinth

Front 65

Bony canal in temporal bone

Back 65

Osseous Labyrinth

Front 66

Tube that lies within the osseous labyrinth and has a similar shape

Back 66

Membranous Labyrinth

Front 67

Membranous Labyrinth floats in ________ and contains _______

Back 67

perilymph, endolymph

Front 68

The parts of the Labyrinths are _____________ and the ________

Back 68

3 semicircular canals, cochlea

Front 69

the cochlea is divided into upper compartment, scala ________, and lower compartment, scala ________

Back 69

vestibuli, tympani

Front 70

The Cochlea contains the _________ ____ _______ which contains the hearing receptor cells

Back 70

organ of Corti

Front 71

The _________ ________ is located inside the organ of Corti above receptor cells and stimulates the receptor cells

Back 71

tectorial membrane

Front 72

auditory nerve pathway: ________ lobe

Back 72

temporal

Front 73

Static Equilibrium:

function is to sense the position of the ______ when the body and head are ________

Back 73

head, motionless

Front 74

Static Equilibrium:

-organs located within ________

-Membranous labyrinth inside the vestibule consists of two chambers-______ and ______.

-Each chamber contains a _____ which contains hair cells that serve as sensory receptors

Back 74

vestibule

utricle and saccule

macula

Front 75

This structure senses the position of the head

Back 75

macula

Front 76

Involves 3 semicircular canals which are at right

angles to each other

Back 76

Dynamic Equilibrium

Front 77

Dynamic Equilibrium:

function is to detect _______ of the head and aid in balancing the head and body during sudden ________

Back 77

motion, movement

Front 78

Suspended in each canal is a membranous canal that ends in a swelling called an _______ which contains the sensory organs of the canals

Back 78

ampulla

Front 79

sensory organ within the canals

that contains sensory hair cells and supporting cells

Back 79

Crista ampullaris