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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Solution
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Uniform mixture (no reflection of light)
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Solute
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Substance dissolved
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Solvent
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Does dissolving (H2O universal solvent, Alcohol good solvent)
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Suspension
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Separates by filtering
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Colloid
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Reflects light (fog, dust particles)
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Tyndall Effect
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like dissolves like.
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H20
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is polar but can dissolve ionic material as well as polar.
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Alcohol
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Polar at one end, non-polar at the other
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Miscible
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Capable of mixing
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Immiscible
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Cannot be mixed
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Increases the rate of dissolving
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Heat, Stirring, increased surface area
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Molarity
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refers to moles of solute over liters of solution = m/l
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Electrolytes
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Substances which conduct electricity. ABS good-excellent
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Non electrolytes
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Solutions that do not conduct electricty (alcohol)
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Strong Electrolyte vs. Weak Electrolyte
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Depend on degree of ionization
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Ionization
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Formation of ions by action of H2O on a polar covalent substance
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Dissociation
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Separation of Ions from an ionic solid by action of H2O
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Acidic Properties
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Sour taste, Corrosive, Contain Hydrogen, Affect indicators (Limus blue -> Red) Neutralizes Bases
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Basic Properties
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Taste Bitter, Corrosive (Lye), Contain (OH), Affect Indicators (Litmus Red -> Blue) Bases neutralize Acids
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Strong Acids
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Sulfuric acid, Hydrochloric acid, Nitric Acid
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Weak Acids
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Carbonic Acid, Acetic Acid (vinegar)
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Strong Bases
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Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium Hydroxide, Barium Hydroxide
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Weak Bases
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Ammonia, Milk of Magnesia, Calcium Hydroxide
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Classical Theory
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an acid is a substance which produces hydrogen ions or hydromium ions in water. Water had to be present in order to be considered and acid. Base is a substance that produces hydroxide in water.
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Bronsted- Lowry Theory
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Acid- proton donor
Base Proton acceptor (water not necessary) |
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The stronger the acid
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The weaker the base
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Acid Anhydride
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an Oxide of a nonmetal which combines with water to produce an acid
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Basic Anhydride
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Oxide of a Metal combines with water to produce a base
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pH
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Tells how acidic or how basic a substance is
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Most acidic
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0
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Neutral Point
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7 (distilled water)
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Most Basic
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14
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