Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Kinetic Theory of Matter
|
All matter is made up of tiny moving particles in constant motion
- as matter is heated, the particles move move faster and farther apart - as matter is cooled, the particles move slower and farther and closer together |
|
|
What is each state of matter dependent on?
|
The speed the particles are moving at and the amount of attractive force between particles
|
|
|
Solids
- definite volume? definite shape? - particle arrangement |
Has definite volume and definite shape
Particles are packed tightly together, and vibrate in place |
|
|
[2] Types of Solids
|
Crystalline solids
- solids that are made up of crystals [repeating pattern of particles], ex. salt, sugar, snow Amorphous solids - particles are not arranged in a regular pattern, ex. plastic, rubber, glass |
|
|
Liquids
- definite volume? definite shape? - particle arrangement |
Has definite volume, does not have definite shape
packed [somewhat] closely together, and move around each other freely |
|
|
[2] Properties of Liquids
|
Surface Tension
- the result of an inward pull among the molecules of liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together viscosity - a liquids resistance to flowing [high/low] |
|
|
Gasses
- definite volume? definite shape? - particle arrangement |
Does not have a definite volume or shape
Particles are spread out and vibrating quickly |
|
|
Particles in a gas [two statements]
|
Spread out to fill their container or available space
Like liquids, gasses are fluids, meaning "a substance that flows" |
|
|
Melting
[change {in state} , particle motion, type of reaction {endo/exo}, example] |
solid -> liquid
Particles speed up Endothermic change Ex. Ice melting |
|
|
Freezing
[change {in state} , particle motion, type of reaction {endo/exo}, example] |
liquid -> solid
Particles slow down Exothermic change Ex. Water [freezing] |
|
|
Vaporization
[change {in state} , particle motion, type of reaction {endo/exo}, example] |
liquid -> gas
Particles speed up Endothermic change Ex. Boiling [liquid] |
|
|
Condensation
[change {in state} , particle motion, type of reaction {endo/exo}, example] |
gas -> liquid
Particles slow down Exothermic change Ex. Cold drink [in warm environment] |
|
|
Sublimation
[change {in state} , particle motion, type of reaction {endo/exo}, example] |
solid -> gas
Particles speed up Endothermic change Ex. Dry ice |
|
|
Deposition
[change {in state} , particle motion, type of reaction {endo/exo}, example] |
gas -> solid
Particles slow down Exothermic change Ex. frost |
|
|
Physical Property
|
characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance
|
|
|
Physical Change
|
- alters the form or appearance of a substance without changing the substance into another substance
- can be undone [without chemical reactions] - can be a change in state or form - can be a mixture |
|
|
Chemical Property
|
a substances ability to change into a different substance
|
|
|
Chemical Change
|
- produces one or more new substances through a chemical reaction
- substance changes into something else - cannot be undone [unless with another chemical reaction] - new substance has properties that are different from the original substance |
|
|
Freezing point
|
substance's particles slow down enough for it to become a solid
|
|
|
Melting point
|
substance's particles speed up enough for it to become a liquid
|
|
|
Boiling point
|
substance's particles speed up and gain enough energy to lift into the air as a gas
|
|
|
Boyle's Law
|
When temperature is constant:
If pressure increases, then volume decreases. If pressure decreases, then volume increases. |
|
|
Charles' Law
|
When pressure is constant:
If temperature increases, volume increases. If temperature decreases, volume decreases. |
|
|
Boyle's Law Formula
|
P x V = p x v
first pressure times first volume is equal to second pressure times second volume |
|
|
Charles' Law Formula
|
V/T = v/t
first volume over [ divided by] first temperature is equal to second volume over [divided by] second temperature |
