Solar System

Front 1

What did the Greeks observe regarding the planets?

Back 1

points of light that seemed to wander among the stars

Front 2

What did the Greeks call the planets?

Back 2

wanderers

Front 3

Who named the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn

Back 3

the Romans

Front 4

What is the geocentric belief?

Back 4

the belief that the Earth is at the center of the universe

Front 5

Describe Ptolemy's model and give the date.

Back 5

about A.D. 140, the model was geocentric but with planets moving in small circles that move on bigger circles

Front 6

In the _____________ model of the universe, the Earth and other planets revolve around the sun.

Back 6

Heliocentric

Front 7

What was the Copernican Revolution and when did it occur?

Back 7

In 1543 Copernicus worked out the arrangement of the known planets and how the move around the sun.

Front 8

What incorrect assumption did Copernicus make about the movement of the planets?

Back 8

He thought they moved in perfect circles.

Front 9

Galileo used the __________ to make discoveries that supported the ___________ model of the universe.

Back 9

telescope, heliocentric

Front 10

Name two observations that Galileo made in 1610.

Back 10

saw 4 moons revolving around Jupiter and observed Venus went through a series of phases.

Front 11

In the late ______ (date) Tycho Brache made more careful observations and recorded the _________ ___ ___ ______.

Back 11

1500's, positions of the planets

Front 12

What important contribution did Kepler make and whose assistant was he?

Back 12

Kepler's Calculations--showed that Mars' orbit was an ellipse, not a circle, later found that all planets orbit in an elliptical path. He was Brache's assistant.

Front 13

Define ellipse.

Back 13

an oval shape that may be elongated or nearly circular

Front 14

What do we know today that the solar system consists of?

Back 14

the sun, the planets and their moons and several kinds of smaller objects that revolve around the sun

Front 15

What are the three layers of the sun?

Back 15

the core, the radiation zone and the convection zone

Front 16

What process takes place in the core of the sun?

Back 16

nuclear fusion

Front 17

In nuclear fusion, ________ atoms join together to form _______.

Back 17

hydrogen, helium

Front 18

Since the total mass of helium is less than the mass of hydrogen, what happens to the excess mass in the process of nuclear fusion?

Back 18

It is changed to energy.

Front 19

What happens in the radiation zone and where in the sun is it located?

Back 19

It is the middle layer of the sun where energy produced in the sun's core moves outward.

Front 20

Where in the sun is the convection zone located?

Back 20

It is the outermost layer.

Front 21

In the convection zone, hot ______ rise from the interior, gradually cool and then ______, forming ______ of gas that move _______.

Back 21

gases, sink, loops, energy

Front 22

What are the three layers of the sun's atomosphere and where are they located?

Back 22

the Photosphere (inner layer), the Chromosphere (middle layer) and the Corona (outer layer)

Front 23

Photos means ______, this is the layer that produces ___________ ________.

Back 23

light, visible light

Front 24

Chroma means _______, this is a thin ________ layer that is seen during ___ _________.

Back 24

color, reddish, an eclipse

Front 25

Corona means _________, this layer looks like a _______ _____.

Back 25

crown, white halo

Front 26

How is a solar wind produced?

Back 26

when the corona gradually thins into streams of electrically charged particles

Front 27

Define sunspots.

Back 27

areas of gas on the sun's surface that are cooler than the gases around them which results in dark spots

Front 28

Define prominences.

Back 28

huge reddish loops of gas that often link different parts of sunspot regions

Front 29

What causes solar flares?

Back 29

Loops in sunspot regions connect and release large amounts of magnetic energy that are seen as eruptions.

Front 30

How can solar winds affect Earth?

Back 30

can cause magnetic storms in Earth's magnetic field

Front 31

small, dense planets with rocky surfaces are called ____________ planets

Back 31

terrestrial

Front 32

Earth is the _____ planet from the sun. It has three main layers: ______, ______ and _____.

Back 32

3rd, core, mantle and crust

Front 33

Earth has a ______ degree tilt that creates Earth's ________.

Back 33

22.5, seasons

Front 34

What is the unique feature of Earth and how much of Earth's surface is covered with it?

Back 34

water, 70%

Front 35

Earth's atmosphere is about 20% ______, the remainder is mainly ________ with small amount of ______ _____ and ______ gases.

Back 35

oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, trace

Front 36

_________ is the first planet from the sun and is not much larger than _______ _____.

Back 36

Mercury, earth's moon.

Front 37

Why is Mercury so hard to see from Earth?

Back 37

because it is so close to the sun

Front 38

What was the first probe to Mercury and how many times did it fly by Mercury?

Back 38

Mariner 10, 3 times

Front 39

What probe went into orbit around Mercury in 2009?

Back 39

Messenger

Front 40

Describe Mercury's atmosphere and temperature range.

Back 40

virtually no atmosphere, temperature ranges from 430 degrees Celsius in the day to -170 Celsius at night

Front 41

_______ is similar in size and mass to Earth. It takes about ____ months to revolve around the sun and ___ months to rotate once on its axis.

Back 41

7.5, 8

Front 42

What is different about the way Venus rotates?

Back 42

in the opposite direction of most planets

Front 43

Describe Venus' atmosphere and how is compares to Earth's atmosphere.

Back 43

always thick and cloudy, about 90 times greater than Earth's atomosphere

Front 44

The trapping of heat by the atmosphere is called the ________ ______.

Back 44

Greenhouse Effect.

Front 45

______ has an average surface temperature of ____ degrees Celsius, making it the planet with the hottest surface.

Back 45

Venus, 460

Front 46

Mars is the ____ planet from the sun. It is nicknamed the Red Planet because of

Back 46

4th, the breakdown of iron rich rocks which creats rusty dust

Front 47

Mars' atmosphere is more than 95% _______ _______. It is similar to Venus' atmosphere, but much ___________.

Back 47

carbon dioxide, thinner

Front 48

Which planet has temperatures that range from -140 Celsius to 20 Celsius?

Back 48

Mars

Front 49

What do scientists suspect once existed on Mars, and what related substance is found there now?

Back 49

water, ice

Front 50

Which planet besides Earth has a tilted axis which creates seasons?

Back 50

Mars

Front 51

Many probes have visited ____ and have discovered the largest ________ in the solar system which is named Olympus Mons.

Back 51

Mars, volcanoe