Solar System

Front 1

Most of the molecular oxygen in the early atmosphere of earth
resulted from

Back 1

photosynthesis in the primitive plants

Front 2

Temp inversions can occur when

Back 2

cool air becomes trapped below warm air

Front 3

When a layer of cool air at the surface of earth is going when a
layer of warmer air above it, the result is known as

Back 3

temp inversion

Front 4

What is the source of energy for the sun

Back 4

hydrogen fusion

Front 5

The priniative atmosphere of earth was deficient in free oxygen.
What process was primarily responsible for te development of present
percentage if free oxygen in earths atmosphere

Back 5

photosynthesis

Front 6

Which of the following Human activites reduces the level of ozone
in the atmosphere

Back 6

releasing chlorofluorocarbons from aerosol cans

Front 7

Evidence suggests that earth is about 4.6 billion years old, even
though no earth rocks have been found that can be dated at more than 4
billion years old. This discrepancy is most likely caused by earths
original crust being

Back 7

subjet to extensive erosion

Front 8

Which of the following is the best evidence that earths continents
were once in wastly different positions than they are today?

Back 8

fossils of tropical plants are found in antartica

Front 9

It has been determined that the oldest rocks retrieved from the
moon by Apollo astronauts were found 4.44 billion years ago, while the
oldest rocks on earth are less than 4 billion years old. This
difference us most likely because

Back 9

earths oldest rocks have been recycled by plate tectonics and erosion

Front 10

Before humans visited the noon and brought back lunar rocks, the
age of the moon was unknown. Radioship dating of these rocks showed
that the age of the lunar rocks was close to:

Back 10

4.4 billion

Front 11

It is generally true that igneous rocks

Back 11

composed of silicate minerals

Front 12

Relative cooling rates of igneous intrusive rocks can be estimated
by comparing rocks?

Back 12

crystal sizes

Front 13

Sedna

Back 13

15,000 year old

Front 14

How big was eris?

Back 14

bigger than Pluto but not by much

Front 15

The kuiper belt
Fast forward 60 years

Back 15

The kuiper belt is discovered. It is a ring of small stronomicla
objects orbiting throught the outer solar system, beyond the farthest
planet Neptune. It is believed that the kuiper belt is a source of
comets.
An area outside and inside the region of Neptune found to contain more
than 1000 objects

Front 16

How was Pluto diff from other planets?
size.

Back 16

half the size of the moon

Front 17

How was Pluto diff from other planets?
orbit.

Back 17

elliptical

Front 18

How was Pluto diff from other planets?
composition.

Back 18

ice and rock

Front 19

What was the architecture of the solar system in 1930 when Tombaugh
found Pluto?

Back 19

Pluto was smaller than the earth and the moon

Front 20

Planet

Back 20

very large object in space that moves around the sun or
another star

Front 21

How do u categorize the solar system?

Back 21

Universe

Front 22

What is architecture of the solar system?

Back 22

All the planets alligned so they won't Come together

Front 23

Rotation

Back 23

spinning of a planet around it's axis. We define this as a
day

Front 24

Revolution

Back 24

when a planet orbits the sun. We define this as a year

Front 25

Mercury

Back 25

- fastest revolving planet
- heavily catered

Front 26

Venus

Back 26

- Earths sister planet
- the hottest planet. Also known as the greenhouse planet as it's
atmosphere traps hear. Atmosphere=CO2 and sulfuric acid
- it's day is longer than it's year
- retrograde rotation (clockwise)

Front 27

Earth

Back 27

densest planet 5.5 g/cm3

Front 28

Mars

Back 28

has the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus mons

Front 29

Explain how a temperature inversion affects smog.

Back 29

The warm air lying above the cooler air acts as a lid on the underlying air pollutants, trapping them close to the ground and allowing smog to build to dangerous levels.

Front 30

What are some human activities suspected of contributing to global warming?

Back 30

Burning of fossil fuels and global deforestation, both of which release CO2. Global deforestation also contributes to higher CO2 levels both because burning trees releases CO2 and because trees are no longer present to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere after they have been cut down or burned.

Front 31

Radiation

Back 31

The transfer of energy through space in the form of visible light, ultraviolet rays, and other types of electromagnetic waves..

Front 32

Conduction

Back 32

The transfer of heat energy through collisions of the atoms or molecules of a substance.

Front 33

Convection

Back 33

The transfer of heat energy in a liquid or gas through the motion of the liquid of gas caused by differences in density.

Front 34

Why does temperature generally decrease with altitude in the troposphere?

Back 34

Because most of the sun’s radiation is absorbed at Earth’s surface, which in turn transfers heat to the atmosphere through conduction and radiation. Thus the air at the surface is warmest, and temperature generally decreases with altitude, or distance from the warming effect on Earth’s surface.

Front 35

How does the angle at which sunlight strikes Earth’s surface affect the intensity of sunlight?

Back 35

When the sun is directly overhead, the angle of insolation is 90 degrees, and Earth’s surface receives the maximum amount of energy. As the angle of insolation decreases, the energy of the rays is spread out over a larger area, so the energy per unit area decreases. The sunlight must also travel farther through the atmosphere, so that more insolation is absorbed or reflected before it reaches Earth’s surface. Both factors reduce that amount of solar energy that reaches Earth’s surface.

Front 36

When does the highest temperature of the day usually occur? Why?

Back 36

The highest temperature is generally not at noon, as some may think so. Instead, the warmest hour of the day is usually in the afternoon, because for several hours after noon, the lower atmosphere receives more heat from the ground than it loses. Thus, its temperature keeps rising until well into the afternoon.

Front 37

Why is it warmer near the equator than near the poles?

Back 37

Because Earth is spherical, the sun’s rays strike the surface at angles ranging from 0 degrees to 90 degrees. Near the equator, almost-vertical rays fall all through the year. Thus, these areas have hot climates.

Front 38

In the United States, why is it colder in the winter and warmer in the summer?

Back 38

Locations in middle latitudes such as the United States get near vertical rays in summer, so their summers are hot. The angle of the rays is less vertical in winter, so winters in middle latitudes are cold.

Front 39

List some examples of pollutants created by the burning of fossil fuels.

Back 39

Carbon Monoxide. Nitrogen Dioxide. Sulfur Dioxide. Ozone. Particulate Matter

Front 40

Carbon Monoxide

Back 40

Reduces delivery of oxygen to body tissues; impairs vision and reflexes

Front 41

Nitrogen Dioxide

Back 41

Irritates lungs and lowers resistance to respiratory infections; contributes to acid rain and smog

Front 42

Sulfur Dioxide

Back 42

irritates respiratory system; contributes to acid rain

Front 43

Particulate Matter (dust, smoke, soot, ash)

Back 43

Contributes to respiratory problems; linked to some cancers

Front 44

Ozone

Back 44

Reduces lung function and causes inflammation

Front 45

Which gas makes up most of the atmosphere?

Back 45

Nitrogen.78.08%

Front 46

Why is the air warmer at the top of the stratosphere than at the top of the troposphere?

Back 46

Most of the sun’s radiation is absorbed at Earth’s surface, which in turn transfers heat to the atmosphere through conduction and radiation. The troposphere is closer to the surface of the Earth than the stratosphere is.

Front 47

Radiation

Back 47

Is the transfer of energy through space in the form of visible light, ultraviolet rays, and other types of electromagnetic waves.

Front 48

Convection

Back 48

Is the transfer of heat energy in a liquid or gas through the motion of the liquid or gas caused by differences in density.

Front 49

Conduction

Back 49

Is the transfer of heat energy through collisions of the atoms or molecules of a substance.

Front 50

Why are the poles colder than the equator?

Back 50

Because near the equator, almost-vertical rays fall all through the year. Thus these areas have hot climates. In high latitudes (near the poles) the sun’s rays generally strike the surface at low angles. Such areas may even have no sunlight at all for part of the year and are cold year round.

Front 51

Describe at least two ways humans increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Back 51

Burning of fossil fuels and global deforestation, both release CO2. Global deforestation

Front 52

Explain how the composition of the atmosphere differs from the atmosphere over a field of wheat and from the atmosphere over a tropical forest.

Back 52

The atmosphere in the city contains more greenhouse gasses. In the city we have our cars running on gas, burning of fossil fuels, factories giving out their own gasses, and much more things. The atmosphere over a field of wheat or in a rainforest is better because there are no factories burning gasses, no cars or trucks running on gas, no burning of fossil fuels, and plants absorb the CO2 and release oxygen so it is healthier to live somewhere like that.

Front 53

The atmosphere of Venus is about 97 percent carbon dioxide. How would Venus’s heat budget differ from Earth’s? Explain.

Back 53

On Earth, the atmosphere allows half of the incoming solar radiation to reach the surface; much of that energy is radiated back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation. The accumulation of carbon dioxide and water vapor in the atmosphere, however, absorb most of the infrared radiation, thus preventing it from radiation directly back to space. On Venus, this process obviously occurs, but at a much smaller case. If Venus’s atmosphere was like Earth’s than it would have the same atmospheric settings as Earth.

Front 54

Why are temperature inversions near Earth’s surface unlikely on cloudy nights?

Back 54

Because for a sometimes, the air at Earth’s surface is colder than the air above, so convection does not occur. It only works on warm days because convection mixes warm air from near Earth’s surface with the cooler air above, thus diluting any pollutants.

Front 55

write a hypothesis about whether buildings in warm areas should be painted with light colors or dark colors.

Back 55

Buildings located in warm areas, should be painted light colors, because they are not able to reflect as much solar energy as buildings in cold areas. And warm areas are most of the time labeled in light colors not dark.

Front 56

upwelling

Back 56

occurs when cold deep water comes to the surface

Front 57

surface current

Back 57

ocean current that generally flows in the upper 1000 meters of the ocean.

Front 58

red arrow represents?

Back 58

warm currents

Front 59

blue arrow represents?

Back 59

cold currents

Front 60

terrestrial planets

Back 60

mercury, venus, earth, mars

Front 61

asteroid

Back 61

solid, rocklike masses

Front 62

where do asteroids come from

Back 62

left over from solar system location

Front 63

comet

Back 63

dirt snowballs

Front 64

where do comets come from?

Back 64

kuiper belt

Front 65

what seperates the terrestrial gas planets?

Back 65

asteroid belt

Front 66

shield volcanoes

Back 66

when lava builds up in layers

Front 67

cinder cone

Back 67

simplest type of volcano, forms when molten lava is thrown into the air from a vent

Front 68

viscosity

Back 68

the resistance to flow in magma

Front 69

aftershock

Back 69

smaller earthquakes after large earthquakes

Front 70

magnitude

Back 70

strength in an earthquake