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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do we concern and need not to concern in CNS tumour?
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Concern: increase ICP
Not concern: metastasis to outside |
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Give 3 big categories of brain tumour
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1. Gliomas
2. Meningiomas 3. Lymphoma |
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Gliomas -- malignant?
How is it change histologically from time to time? |
All malignant except pilocytic astrocytomas.
From low-grade to high grade except pilocytic astrocytomas. |
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What do gliomas consist of?
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1. astrocytoma
2. pilocytic astrocytoma 3. oligodendrogliomas 4. ependymomas 5. chroid plexus tumours |
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Give key features of the different gliomas
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Infiltrative --- astrocytoma
Bipolar spindle cells --- pilocytic astrocytoma Calcification --- oligodendrogliomas IV ventricle, spinal cord --- ependymomas |
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Give historical key features of the meningioma
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Meningothelial whorls
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Give historical key features of the lymphmas
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B cells around vessels
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How is astrocytoma graded?
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Grade I , II : low grade
Grade III, IV : high grade |
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What do low grade astrocytoma include?
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diffusse astrocytoma
pilocytic astrocytoma |
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What do high grade astrocytoma include?
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Grade III : anaplastic astrocytoma
Grade IV: glioblastoma multiforme |
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What is the commonest primary brain tumour?
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Glioblastoma multiforme
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What is the commnest site of metastasis to brain? And the next?
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Commonest : breast
Second : lung |
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What is the commnest tumour of spinal cord?
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Ependymomas
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What is the commonest tumour primary tumour in childhood?
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Medulloblastoma
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What is the imaging of the commonest primary brain tumour - glioblastoma?
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1. Enhancement
2. Buttery fly lesion (if at corpus collosum) |
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What is the histological features of GBM?
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1. extreme pleomorphism
2. glomeruloid endothelial proliferation |
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What is the prognosis of the commonest primary brain tumour / GBM?
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Poor prognosis
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Features of pilocytic astrocytoma
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1. benign childhood tumour
2. well circumscribed 3. cystic change 4. cerebrum/cerebellum/3rd ventricle |
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Features of GBM
(this question may be discarded as duplication of other questions) |
1. commonest primary brain tumour
2. enhancement on imaging 3. Butterfly lesion at corpus collosum 4. pleomorphism 5. glomeruloid endothelial proliferation 6. poor prognosis |
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Features of oligodendrogliomas
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1. slow growing of adult cerebrum
2. calcification |
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Features of ependymomas
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1. commonest spinal cord tumour
1. spinal cord / 4th ventricle 2. childhood/ young tumour |
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What is the key features of medulloblastoma histologically?
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Rosettes
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Features of medulloblastoma
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1. commonest childhood tumour
2. cerebellar location 3. spread through CSF, to bone and extraneural tissue |
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What origin is meningiomas from?
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Arachnoid cells from arachnoid granulation
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What characteristic of menigiomas allows it to present as scalp mass?
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It infiltrates skull
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What will be present as a result of meningiomas infiltrating the skull?
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Scalp mass
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Characteristic of menigiomas
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1. benign
2. at brain surface, para-saggital region, spinal cord, skull base |
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Where do vestibular schwannoma occur?
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At cerebellopontine angle
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Chracteristic of geminoma
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1. commonest germ cell tumour
2. spread through CSF 3. highly sensitive to radiotherapy |
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Give a possible tumour as a hemorrhagic tumor in cerebellum
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Cerebellar hemangioblastoma
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Give a possible tumour as a heavily calcified infiltrative tumour near pituitary gland on imaging
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Craniopharyngiomas
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Give a possible tumour at pineal gland
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Germinoma
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Give a possible tumour at pituitary
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Pituitary adenoma
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What tumours can spread through CSF?
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Medullobalstoma, germinoma
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On imagine, calcification - tumour include which 2 tumours?
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Craniopharyngiomas and oligodendrogliomas.
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