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39 Cards in this Set
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A soil material having a pH of less than 7.0,usually understood to be less than 6.0. |
Acid Soil |
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Water held in a soil mass by physiochemical forces and having physical properties substantially different from absorbed water or chemically combined water at the same temperature and pressure. |
Absorbed Water |
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The state of dryness of a soil at equilibrium with the moisture content of the surrounding atmosphere; the moisture content depends on the relative humidity and temperature of the surrounding atmosphere. |
Air-dry |
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A soil having a high degree of alkalinity (pH 8.5 or higher) or having an exchangeable sodium content (15% or more of the exchange capacity) or both. |
Anaerobic |
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The portion of any nutrient in the soil that can be readily absorbed and assimilated by growing plants. (Available should not be confused with exchangeable). |
Available Nutrient |
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The average load per unit area that is required to rupture a supporting soil mass. |
Bearing Capacity |
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The mass of dry soil per unit bulk volume. The bulk volume is determined before the soil is dried to constant weight at 105 degrees C. It has been called apparent density. |
Bulk Density |
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The volume, including the solids and the pores, of a soil mass. |
Bulk Volume |
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A rating that indicates the capability of land for some use such as agriculture, forestry, recreation and wildlife. In the Canadian system, it is a grouping of lands that have the same relative degree of limitation or hazard. The degree of limitation or hazard is nil in Class 1 and progressively greater to Class 7. |
Capability Class |
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As a particle size term: a size fraction less than 0.002mm in equivalent diameter. |
Clay |
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The susceptibility of a soil to decrease in volume when subjected to load. |
Compressibility |
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Protection of the soil against physical loss by erosion or against chemical deterioration; that is excessive loss of fertility by either natural or artificial means. |
Conservation, soil |
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An arrangement in which thin layers of stratified sediment are transverse or oblique to the main plane of stratification. |
cross-bedding |
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A homogeneous inorganic substance of definite chemical composition bounded by plane surfaces that form definite angles with each other to give the substance a regular geometric form. |
Crystal |
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To provide channels such as open ditches or drain tile so that excess water can be removed by surface or by internal flow. To lose water by percolation. |
Drain |
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The ratio of the weight of any constituent of a soil in the oven dry weight of the soil. |
Dry weight percentage |
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The transportation of soil material in suspension or in solution within the soil by the downward or lateral movement of water. |
Eluviation |
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To wear away or remove the land surface by wind, water or other agents. |
Erode |
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A clay fraction of specified size less than 2µm, usually less than 0.2 µm. |
fine clay |
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Consisting of or containing large quantities of the fine fractions (silt and clay). |
fine texture |
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A soil forming process, operating under poor drainage conditions which results in the reduction of iron and other elements and in gray colours, and mottles. |
gleysation |
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Water that is passing through or standing in the soil and underlying strata. It is free to move by gravity. |
groundwater |
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The fraction of the soil organic matter that remains after most of the added plant and animal residues have decomposed. It is usually dark coloured. It is also used in a collective term for the surface organic matter deposits: mor, moder, mull, muck. |
Humus |
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Soil developed under the influence of water standing within the profile for prolonged periods; it is formed mainly in cold, humid regions. |
hydrogenic soil |
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The process by which a substrate is split to form two end products by the intervention of a molecule of water. |
hydrolosis |
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Water adsorbed by a dry soil from an atmosphere of high relative humidity; water lost from an air dry soil when it is heated to 105 degrees C. |
Hygroscopic water |
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Rocked formed by the cooling and solidification of magma. It has not changed appreciably since its formation. |
igneous rock |
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A hydrous mica. |
illite |
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Plants that are characteristic of a specific soil or site condition. |
indicator plants |
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A soil layer that has become hardened, generally by cementation of soil particles. |
indurated layer |
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The downward entry of water into the soil. |
infiltration |
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All natural features such as fields, hills, forests, and water that distinguish one part of the earth's surface from another part. Usually it is the portion of land or territory that the eye can see in a single view, including all its natural characteristics. |
landscape |
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A mass of material that has slipped downhill by gravity, often assisted by water, when the material is saturated. A rapid movement of a mass of soil, rock, or debris, down a slope. |
landslide |
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The removal from the soil of materials in solution. |
leaching |
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A mineral group consisting of phyllosilicates, having sheetlike 2:1 lattice structures, generally with potassium in interlayer position. |
mica |
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Area covered with overburden and other waste materials from ore and coal mines, quarries and smelters, and usually having little or no vegetative cover. |
mine dump |
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Water deposited accumulations of sandy, silty, or clayey material recently eroded in mining operations. It may clog streams and channels and damage land on which it is deposited. |
mine wash |
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Water contained in the soil |
moisture, soil |
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The moisture content expressed as a percentage of the oven dry weight of the soil. |
moisture-weight percentage |
