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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the soil types? |
aridisols alfisol andisols inceptisols entisols oxisols mollisols ultisols spodisols vertisols histosols gelisols |
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What does CLORPT stand for? |
climate organisms relief parent material time |
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What is the order of the soil horizons? |
A: macropore space and likely to have a granular structure E B: finest texture and greatest micropore space C |
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What are some types of fauna in the soil? |
roots mosses fungi bacteria |
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What are the trophic levels and what are some examples? |
primary producers: above ground plants; ex: primary consumers: feed on live plants; ex: mites, earthworms secondary consumers: eat primary consumers; ex: centipedes, spiders tertiary consumers: prey on secondary consumers; ex: beetles, birds |
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Difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs. |
autotrophs: source of carbon from CO2 heterotrophs: source of carbon from organic carbon |
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The 8 soil organisms listed in the powerpoint. Describe and say benefits/negatives about them. |
1. Earthworms: eat detritus and organic matter; improves drainage and aeration 2. termites: social insects that dont improve soil quality 3. protozoa: single-celled and eat bacteria; release excess nitrogen 4. nematodes: non-segmented worms; mineralizing nutrients 5. plant roots and soil algae: 6. soil fungi: filamentous microscopic cells; producing humus 7. actinomycetes: decompose substrates 8. bacteria: one-celled and fix nitrogen |
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What are the fungi groups? |
1. decomposers: convert organic material to biomass, co2, and organic acids 2. mutualists: solubolize phosphorus and bring soil nutrients to plant 3. pathogens/parasites: can cause reduced production or death |
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What are some types of bacteria? |
1. decomposers: consume simple carbon compounds 2. mutualists: partnerships w/plants 3. pathogenscause gall formations in plants 4. chemoautotrophs: energy from compounds |
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Nitrogen |
-microbial transformations -if C:N rate is over 33, then N is immobilized |
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Phosphorus |
- component in genetic inheritance and helps w/ protein and enzyme synthesis |
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Potassium |
- solution in the plant cell |
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Main types of nitrogen fertilizers? |
1. anhydrous ammonia (NH3): 82% N, expensive and hard to use 2. Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3): 33% N, does not alter pH 3. sodium nitrate (NaNO3): increased soil pH, lasts a long time 4. ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4]: decreases soil ph 5. Urea: liquid evaporates if added to soil and needs mineralization |
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Phosphorus fertilizer types |
1. single superphosphate: treating rock phosphate w/ sulfuric acid and has lots of impurities 2. triple superphosphate: rock phosphate w/ phosphoric acid and fewer impurities; more expensive 3. tri-ammonium phosphate: more soluble but acidifying effect |
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Potassium fertilizer types |
1. potash: wont raise pH 2. potassium sulfate |
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What are some things that composting needs? |
Decomposing organisms: worms, sow bugs Element nutrients" nitrogen, carbon, water, oxygen |
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What are some "green" items to add to compost? |
-vegetable scraps -coffee grounds -fresh grass |
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What are some "brown" items to add to compost? |
-dry leaves -wood ash -tea bags |
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What are the three types of composting? |
1. warm composting 2. cold composting 3. vermicomposting |
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What are the 2 types of source pollution? |
1. point-source pollution 2. non-point source pollution |
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What are some types of pollution? |
1. solid waste 2. sewage waste 3. pesticides 4. herbicides |
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What are some types of pesticides |
1. insecticides 2. herbicides 3. fungicides 4. rodenticides 5. fumigants |
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What are some pathways of organic compounds in soil? |
1. volatize into atmosphere 2. taken up by plants 3. absorb by soil colloid |
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What are the 2 types of landfills? |
1. natural attenuation 2. containment |
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What are the 3 ways soil food webs are measured? |
1. counting: direct counts or plate counts 2. measuring activity levels: measuring by-products, total work, and decomposition rates 3. measuring cellular constituents: total biomass of organisms, enzymes, and phospholipids |
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What areas are more prone to pesticide leaching into the groundwater? |
1. regions with high rainfall 2. sandy soils 3. high usage of pesticides not absorbed by colloids |
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What are some ways to prevent/eliminate inorganic contamination? |
1. banning materials 2. immobilizing toxins 3. hyper-accumulating in plants phytoremediation |
