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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Master horizon and layers |
Capitol letters o a e b c and r |
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O horizon |
Organic horizon that consists of dead plant and animals. Dark in colour |
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A horizon |
Topmost mineral horizon. Consists of partially decomposed organic matter. |
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E horizon |
Lighter in colour. Common in forests and rarely found in grassland. E horizon has maximum leaching or eluviation of clay, iron and aluminum oxides which leaves a concentration of resistant minerals such add quartz in the sand and silt sizes. |
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B horizon |
Parent material is no longer discernible. A process called illuviation occurs which means this horizon accumulates elements such as iron F.e and aluminum oxides from the above horizons. |
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C horizon |
It may or may not consist of parent material. It is below the horizon pig greatest biological activity and has not been sufficiently altered by soil genesis to qualify as a B horizon. |
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R horizon |
Consolidated rock with little evidence of weathering |
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Humus |
Organic matter remaining after the major portions of added plant and animal resides have decomposed |
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Colloidal |
Organic and inorganic matter with very small particle size and a correspondingly large surface area per unit of mass |
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Soil solutions |
Soil water |
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Igneous |
Formed from molten magma and include granite and basalt |
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Sedimentary rocks |
Sandstone, shales, limestone and conglomerate. |
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Metaphoric rock |
A rock altered from its original form. Marble is metamorphic rock formed from limestone. Gneiss is formed from granite and slate is made from shale |
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5 factors that influence soil formation |
Parent material, climate, biota a.k.a.living organisms, topography, and time |
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Colluvium |
Accumulated rock and soil from a slope |
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Alluvial fans |
Streams that leave a narrow valley that fan out |
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Delta deposits |
Poorly drained, clay, good for growing rice growing rice |
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Glacial outwash and lacustrine sediments |
Outwash is water from glaciers that left behind sediments on plains. Lacustrine deposits are glacier ponds and lakes. |
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Eolian |
Wind transported |
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Dune sand and loess pronounced luss and aerosolic dust |
Dunes agree found at Oceans, large lakes and desserts. They have piles and hills of medium to fine sand grains. They mostly consist of quartz which is resistant to weathering and does not have nutrients for plant growth unless other minerals are mixed in with it. Loess is wind blown and primarily silt sized particles. Blankets an area and is good for plant growth. Aerosolic dust is very fine and can be air born for long periods of time. |
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12 soil orders |
Alfisols Andisols Aridisols Entisols Gelisols Histosols Inceptisols Mollisols Oxisols Spodosols Ultisols Vertisols |
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Alfisols |
Moist and Mildly acid clays |
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Andisols |
Mild weathering with volcanic ejecta |
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Aridisols |
Found in desert, desert shrubs and dry grasses |
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Entisols |
Can be found in any climate. Has no diagnostic pedogenic horizons |
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Oxisols |
Found in tropical places. Has residual accumulation of low activity clays, free oxide, kaolin, and quartz. |
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Spodosols |
Found in humid and mostly cool or temperate climates. Coarse textured and formed in acid. |
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Ultisols |
Usually moist but in warmer months can become drier. Subsurface horizons of illuviation clay accumulation. |
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Vertisols |
High in swelling clays and form deep cracks when dry |
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Gelisols |
Permafrost |
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Histisols |
Very low clay content with 20% or higher in organic matter. The higher the clay content the higher the organic matter must be |
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Inceptisols |
Embryonic soils (just forming) |
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Mollisols |
Dark soil. A.k.a. Goldy locks soil. Found here in Washington |
