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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dirt |
aggregate of stuff |
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Soil |
media that supports plant life |
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Composition of soil |
-Mineral material -Organic material -Water -Air |
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Soil layers |
1. Topsoil (A) 2. Subsoil (B) 3. Parent material (C) |
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Six properties of soil |
1. Texture 2. Color 3. Organic material 4. Minerals 5. Parent material 6. Density |
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Igneous rock formation |
Molten rock cools and solidifies |
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Sedimentary rock formation |
Precipitation weathers and erodes sediments which then compact together |
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Metamorphic rock formation |
Heat & pressure is applied to a rock |
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Sand size |
Around 0.5 cm |
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Silt size |
Less than 0.5 cm |
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Clay size |
Less than 0.002 cm |
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<15% |
no definition |
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15-35% |
adjective |
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35-60% |
very |
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>60% |
extremely |
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Flat-shaped rocks |
-channers -flagstone -stones -boulders |
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Round-shape rocks |
-Gravel -Cobble -Stone -Boulder |
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Size of gravel |
2-75 mm |
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Size of cobble |
75-250 mm |
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Size of stones |
250-600 mm |
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Size of boulders |
>600 mm |
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Size of fine gravel |
2-5 mm |
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Size of medium gravel |
5-20 mm |
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Size of course gravel |
20-75 mm |
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Rock fragment |
mineral particles larger than very course sand |
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Percent of mineral material in soil |
45% |
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Percent of water in soil |
25% |
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Percent of air in soil |
25% |
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Percent of OM in soil |
5-15% |
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Soil seperates |
-sand -soil -clay |
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Peds |
natural aggregates |
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Clods |
artificial aggregates |
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Formation of structure dependent on |
-texture class -environmental effects -depth and surrounding structures |
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Cause of small particle dispersion |
deterioration |
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Particle density |
measurement of solid soil particles only |
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Bulk density |
the density of the volume of the soil |
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Importance of particle density |
-building and engineering -finding & calculating soil materials |
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Importance of bulk density |
-natural soil -direct relationship to plant growth effects -direct relationship to water holding capacity |
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Measurement to evaluate soil texture |
<2mm |
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Aggregates |
are granules of soil particles that areheld together by organic substances |
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Components that make up soil structure |
Texture and OM |
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Soil Structure |
arrangement of soil particles into aggregates |
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Factors for soil formation |
1. Parent material 2. Climate 3. Biosphere 4. Topography 5. Time |
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Alluvial |
formed by deposits from streams and rivers |
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Coluvial |
transported by gravity |
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Eluvial |
suspended material that has been removed from a layer |
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Illuvial |
material that has been removed from one horizon to another |
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Eolian |
deposited by the wind |
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Categories of parent material |
1. Residual 2. Transported 3. Alluvial |
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Aspect |
the direction of a slope faces |
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Topography |
shape/orientation of Earth's surface |
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Natural modifiers of Pore Size and Permeability |
-leaching of precipitates -small particle dispersion |
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Outside forces that modify of pore size and permeability |
-compaction |
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Benefits of soils of north and east facing slopes
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deeper and can take in more precipitation |
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Location of oldest soils |
Stable, non-erodable surfaces |
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Length it takes soil to develop |
200 years |
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How climate can affect soils |
-Cold climates have shallower topsoil -Leaching creates subsoil zones. |
