Soil Horizons

Front 1

L

1. What type of horizon is this?

2. Original structures of the organic material are:

(A) easily recognized

(B) partly decomposed

(C) heavily decomposed, unrecognizable

Back 1

L

1. Organic Horizon

2. (A) easily recognized

Front 2

F

1. What type of horizon is this?

2. Original structures of the organic material are:

(A) easily recognized

(B) partly decomposed

(C) heavily decomposed, unrecognizable

Back 2

F

1. Organic Horizon

2. (B) partly decomposed

Front 3

H

1. What type of horizon is this?

2. Original structures of the organic material are:

(A) easily recognized

(B) partly decomposed

(C) heavily decomposed, unrecognizable

Back 3

H

1. Organic Horizon

2. (C) heavily decomposed, unrecognizable

Front 4

Of, Om, Oh, horizons

1. What type of layers are these?

2. What materials are these layers primarily developed from?

Back 4

Of, Om, Oh, horizons

1. Organic layers

2. mosses, bushes, and woody materials

Front 5

L, F, H, horizons

1. What type of layers are these?

2. What materials are these layers primarily developed from?

Back 5

L, F, H, horizons

1. Organic layers

2. leaves, twigs, and woody materials

Front 6

A Horizons

1. What is the definition of an A Horizon?

2. Where are A Horizons located in the soil profile?

Back 6

A Horizons

1. horizons of the soil that have been altered by the surface - related soil forming processes

2. at the top of the soil profile

Front 7

B Horizons

Where is a B Horizon located in the soil profile?

Back 7

B Horizons

1. normally found below A horizons and above C horizons.

Front 8

Of

1. What type of horizon is this?

2. What is the relative degree of decomposition? (least, intermediate, most)

3. What is the degree of fiber preservation? (low, medium, high)

4. What is this layer also called?

Back 8

Of

1. Organic Horizon

2. Least decomposed layer of organic matter

3. High degree of fiber preservation

4. Fibric layer

Front 9

Om

1. What type of horizon is this?

2. What is the relative degree of decomposition? (least, intermediate, most)

3. What is the degree of fiber preservation? (low, medium, high)

4. What is this layer also called?

Back 9

Om

1. Organic Horizon

2. Intermediately decomposed organic layer

3. Medium degree of fiber preservation (less than Of layer)

4. Mesic layer

Front 10

Oh

1. What type of horizon is this?

2. What is the relative degree of decomposition? (least, intermediate, most)

3. What is the degree of fiber preservation? (low, medium, high)

4. What is this layer also called?

Back 10

Oh

1. Organic Horizon

2. Most decomposed layer of organic matter

3. Low degree of fiber preservation (only small amounts of raw fiber)

4. Humic layer

Front 11

C Horizons

1. What is the definition of an A Horizon?

2. Where are A Horizons located in the soil profile?

Back 11

C Horizons

1. Mineral horizon comparatively unaffected by pedogenic processes operative in A and B (excludes gelling and accumulation of carbonates and soluble salts)

2. Bottom of the soil pit above bedrock

Front 12

B Horizons

Which 3 characteristics constitute a B Horizon?

(Note: B Horizons are characterized by one or more of these 3 characteristics)

Back 12

1. An enrichment in silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or humus

2. Prismatic or columnar structure with coating or staining from large amounts of exchangeable sodium

3. Hydrolysis, reduction, or oxidation from other horizons leads to changes in colour or structure in the B horizon

Front 13

Ah

1. Define.

2. Name two examples that cause an Ah horizon.

Back 13

Ah

1. An A horizon that is enriched in organic carbon

2. root senescence and soil faunal activity (primarily earthworm activity)

Front 14

Ahe

Define.

Back 14

Ahe

Transition A horizon between Ah and Ae, with both carbon enrichment and clay depletion.

Front 15

Ae

1. Define.

2. What is the typical structure of an Ae horizon?

3. What is it's colour when dry?

Back 15

Ae

1. An A horizon that is depleted of clay--sometimes of iron and organic acids.

2. Horizontal "platy" structure

3. Ash-white

Front 16

Bm

Define.

Back 16

Bm

B horizon that is slightly modified in structure and/ or colour.

Front 17

Bt

Define.

Back 17

Bt

B Horizon that is enriched in clay from Ae horizon above

Front 18

Bn

Define.

Back 18

Bn

B horizon that has a high sodium content in the clays.

Front 19

Bnt

1. A Bnt is a combination of which 2 horizons?

2. What does this mean?

Back 19

Bnt

1. Combination of Bn and Bt

2. Means that it has the following characteristics:

- enriched in Ae clay

- high Na+ content

Front 20

Bg

Define.

Back 20

Bg

B horizon that is ​glued due to frequent saturation.

Front 21

Bfh

Define.

Back 21

Bfh

B horizon enriched in Fe and organics from Ae above.

Front 22

Ck

Define.

Back 22

Ck

A C horizon that contains free carbonates from parent material.

Front 23

Cca

Define.

Back 23

Cca

A C horizon that is enriched in carbonates from horizons above.

Front 24

Csk

Define.

Back 24

Csk

A C horizon that contains carbonates and salts, normally gypsum.

Front 25

Cg

Define.

Back 25

Cg

A C horizon that is ​gleyed and mottled, because it is normally saturated.