Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What types of construction is soil used as a structural material? |
Pise construction or as dried blocks |
|
|
What is the most common of all problems with soil? |
Settlement that takes place when trenches or excavations around buildings are backfilled. Proper backfilling should be carried out to ensure this type of settlement is avoided. Can be remediated through the fundamentals of soil compaction in backfilling operations. |
|
|
What is Glacial till? |
a mixture of gravel, sand, silt and clay moved en masse by glaciers and deposited in their present position as the glaciers have receded. |
|
|
Of all of the Canadian cities which presents the most complex soil patterns? |
Vancouver, typical of the unusual geological history of the pacific coast |
|
|
what are residual soils? |
soils that consist of rock particles which have not been moved from their original location but are the products of the deterioration of solid rock in place as the result of various weathering agencies. |
|
|
Are their residual soils in Canada? |
In general, NO. (none that will be encountered in ordinary building operations) |
|
|
What are the 5 soil types and a short description of each? |
Cobbles and boulders - Larger than 3" in diameter (76.mm) Gravel - particles smaller than 3" and larger than No.4 sieve (1/4" or 6mm) Sand - particles smaller than No.4 sieve and large than the No 200 sieve (smaller than a No.200 sieve are not visible to the naked eye) Silts - particles smaller than 0.02 mm and larger than 0.002 mm in diameter Clays - Particles smaller than 0.002 diameter |
|
|
Three-phase system (soil) |
is the system in which dry soil voids are filled with air and when the voids are filled with water the soil is said to be saturated. It is a mixture of solid mineral material, air and water. Three phases can make the properties of a soil vary so much. |
|
|
(ideal) Soil Compaction |
When soil is placed in position at or about optimum moisture content and compacted, it will be seen that no more water can enter it, since practically all the original voids are already filled with the smaller soil particles. The character of this soil will not change with the passage of time . On larger jobs the soil may be laboratory tested. |
|
|
Under standard conditions what is the measurement of a soils density? |
It is usually the dry weight per cubic foot. |
|
|
True or False: If water is added to a standard density of soil and throughly mixed the resulting soil mixture compacted in the same container and conditions as the original standard density test, the dry density will be found to have decreased. |
False, It will have increased. This process can be continued until a certain optimum moisture content is reached, after which the dry density will decrease with the addition of more water (due to lubrication etc) |
|
|
What is a simple way to determine the rough optimum water content at which maximum density can be obtained for a soil? |
by mixing small quantities of the soil with water and testing them by squeezing a lump in ones hand. When it is of such a consistency that it will just break up into smaller lumps when pressure is applied it indicates (roughly) the right amount of water for optimum density. (more important when backfilling with soil that is NOT sand and gravel) |
|
|
Is excavated soil ever used for backfilling later? |
Yes, and special precautions should be taken to protect the soil form moisture increase or decrease. eg. tarpaulin covers. Ideally backfilled soil approximates its (or the original soil's) natural state. |
|
|
What is the ideal Backfilling process? |
Backfill should be placed in thin layers not more than 6" (152mm) deep to ensure it is in place at its optimum density. Each layer should be compacted with a heavy rammer |
|
|
What are some types of Soil tests? |
Test pit - direct inspection, must be above the water table Soil Land test - Weights on loading platform to determine settlement, should be double contemplated design load Borings - 4 types. |
|
|
What are the 4 types of borings? |
Auger - good to 50' Wash - jet pipe of water, when soil is too compact, good to 100' Core - Diamond tip bit, will core through anything Dry Sample - Drive pipe |
