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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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weathering
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process in which natural forces breakdown rocks
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mechanical weathering
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process in which physical forces breakdown rocks
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chemical weathering
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process in which rocks breakdown by chemical reactions and change the rocks chemical makeup
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humus
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decayed organic matter in soil
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exfoliation
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process in which layers of rock breakoff
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abrasion
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process of weathering by friction
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soil horizion
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layer of soil with different properties of the soil below or above it
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A horizon or topsoil
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upper layer of soil and contains the most organic matter
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B horizon or subsoil
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contains minerals washed down from the A horizon
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C horizon
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contains the largest and least weathered rocks
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plants
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provides most of the organic matter that gets broken down to form humus
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microorganisms
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decompose dead plants and animals to provide nutrients the plants need to grow
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animals
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create space in the soil that adds air improving the ability to drain water
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crop rotation
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planting crops on the same field but in different growing seasons
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conservation tillage
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limits the amount of times you can plow plow or till a field
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contour plowing
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helps channel rain water so that it does not wash away the soil
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windbreaks
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rows of trees planted by a field to break the wind that can carry away soil
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soil come from
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rocks
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examples of mechanical weathering
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ice wedging and abrasion and pressure release and plant root growth
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examples of chemical weathering
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rusting and oxidation and dissolving and breaking down of rock by acid water
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3 factors affecting weathering
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climate and rock composition and surface area
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organic substances in soil (5%)
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plants and dead organisms and waste
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weathered rock in soil (57%)
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silt and clay and sand
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moisture in soil (15%)
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pore space
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properties of soil
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friability and water retention and porosity and permeability and PH
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friability
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how easy do the soil particles seperate
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water retention
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how much water does the soil retain
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porosity
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amount of air space
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permeability
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rate at which water flows through soil
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PH
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amount of acid in soil
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we need soil to
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grow food, have lumber, clothes, purify water, and medicine
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what is done wrong in farming
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plowing, use of fertilizers, and over grazing
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what is done wrong in plowing
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remove plants and expose the topsoil
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use of fertilizers
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man made fertilizers use improperly can kill soil organisms
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over grazing animals
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the animals eat the plant roots and kill the plants and this can cause erosion
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desertification
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loss of soil and living plants
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mining
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open pit and strip mining is very harmful to soil
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terraces
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steep hill or mountains where stone walls are used to make a series of flat steps going down the hill or mountain
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