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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Biofilm definition |
a living film; containing a well organized community of bacteria that grows on a surface usually consist of many species of bacteria as well as other organisms and debris form rapidly on almost any surface that is wet are found nearly everywhere in nature have a major impact on human health |
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Phase 1 biofilm development |
film coating within minutes after cleaning, a film forms over the tooth surface (the acquired pellicle) |
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Phase 2 biofilm development |
initial attachment to pellicle within a few hours after pellicle formation, bacteria begin to attach to the surface of the pellicle some bacteria have hair-like attachment structures that enable them to attach rapidly upon contact (fimbriae) usually 1st bacteria to attach are nonpathogenic |
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Phase 3 biofilm development |
bacteria attached to the tooth produce substances that stimulate other free-floating bacteria to join the community |
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Phase 4A biofilm development |
Slime Layer Formation the act of attaching the tooth surface stimulates the bacteria to excrete a slimy, glue-like substance called the extracellular slime layer the slime layer helps to anchor the bacteria to the tooth and provides protection for the attached bacteria |
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Phase 4B biofilm development |
Microcolony Formation the bacteria proliferate and begin to grow away from the tooth surface Bacterial Blooms are periods when specific species or groups of species grow at rapidly accelerated rates |
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Phase 5 biofilm development |
the bacteria cluster to form mushroom-shaped micro colonies that attach to the tooth surface at a narrow base the micro colonies are complex collections of different bacteria linked to one another |
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Acquired pellicle definition |
an initial film forming over the tooth surface, composed of a variety of salivary glycoproteins and antibodies |
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Acquired pellicle purposes |
protects the enamel from acids facilitates bacterial adhesion to tooth surface by altering the charge and energy of the tooth surface Lubrication Attachment of calculus |
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3 bacteria associated with perio disease and calculus |
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) Tannerella forsythia (Tf) Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) |
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Composition of biofilm |
a dense, non mineralized, complex mass of colonies of bacteria in a gel-like intermicrobial matrix 80% water, 20% inorganic/organic solids Inorganic- 70-80% bacteria, 20-30% calcium, phosphorous, magnesium & fluoride Organic- carbohydrates, frutans/levans, proteins |
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Supragingival biofilm |
coronal to gingival marginal adheres to acquired pellicle, bacteria, & tooth shape & size- thin in healthy, thick in gingivitis microorganisms- early biofilm- mostly gram positive cocci; older biofilm- becomes more complex and gram negative Etiology: gingivitis, supragingival calculus, & dental caries |
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Subgingival biofilm |
apical to gingival margin adheres to tooth, subgingival pellicle & cal molded to pocket shape & thicker as pocket becomes less tight environment conductive to more anaerobic microorganisms- gram negative spirochetes & rods Etiology: gingivitis, periodontal infections, subgingival calculus |
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Days 1 & 2 |
gram + cocci aerobic Streptococcus mutans & Streptococcus sanguis |
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Days 2 & 4 |
Cocci still present Gram + filaments form & rods grow on cocci layer and replace them |
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Days 4 to 7 |
more mixed & mature flora with increase filaments, rods & fusobacteria see thickening of biofilm by gingival margin as it matures more gram - spirochetes & vibrios |
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Days 7 to 14 |
vibrios & spirochetes appear number of WBCs increase biofilm matures & thickens more gram - and anaerobic organisms sign of inflammation begin to be present in gingiva |
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Days 14-21 |
vibrios, spirochetes, cocci, & filaments gingivitis present clinically |
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4 factors involved in development of dental caries |
tooth resistance salivary factors cariogenic diet microorganisms |
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Role of biofilm in dental caries |
Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are initially the etiologic agents Lactobacilli aid in progression of lesion decreased saliva flow & increased diet of CHOs promote growth of bacteria in biofilm after intake of sucrose there is a drop in the pH of biofilm (below 6.2 to 7.0) |
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Role of biofilm in periodontal infections |
biofilm is the etiological factor certain microorganisms and their toxic product are responsible for periodontal infection the different classification of periodontal disease have their own microbial complex of subgingival pathogenic microorganisms |
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Indices |
an expression of a clinical observation in numerical terms used to describe the status of the individual or group with respect to a condition being measured having a index score measured by a numeric scale or standardized method is more consistent & less subjective than a descriptive word |
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Simple Index |
measures the presence or absence of a condition example: presence of dental biofilm |
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Cumulative index |
measures all the evidence of a condition, past & present example: DMFT for dental caries |
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Irreversible index |
measures conditions that will not change (index for dental caries) |
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Reversible index |
measures conditions that can be changes (index for dental biofilm) |
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Plaque Index (PI) |
dental plaque index by Ramfjord Equipment: happen dish, disclosing solution, cotton tip applicator, mouth mirror, chart Steps: dry teeth, disclose teeth, rinse, chart in red where you see plaque, circle S,M,H on patient chart |
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Bleeding index |
will be probing on 6 surfaces |
