Socy 325 Exam 1

Front 1

Lucal 1999

Back 1

Experience when gender identity does not match gender category given by others (she identifies as a woman and her sex is female but because of how she dresses and presents herself she is usually treated by others as being a man)

Front 2

Sapolsky 1997

Back 2

argues that testosterone alone cannot be blamed for the prevalence of aggressive behavior in men.

Correlation not causation

Front 3

Lepowsky 1993

Back 3

Anthropological study of an egalitarian society- Vanatinain

Front 4

Hyde 2005

Back 4

Meta-analysis that shows most psychological gender differences are in the close-to-zero or small range.

Large differences only shown in motor behaviors (throwing speed and distance) and sexuality.

Medium differences shown in relation to aggression.

Front 5

Kane 2006

Back 5

Dads don’t want their sons playing with “girly toys”, on the other hand dads encourage nonconformity amongst their daughters

Front 6

Ezzell 2009

Back 6

Women Rugby players-express femininity off the field, think of Identity Work

Front 7

Stacey and Biblarz 2001

Back 7

Lesbian and Gay Parents- Factors that make them stronger parents:

Choose when they want to be parents.

No gender constraints (more freedom to express themselves)

less likely to operate within stereotypical gender roles

Front 8

Padavic and Butterfield 2011

Back 8

Co-parenting.

Linguistics- No positive term for co-parenting

Institutional- If there is an emergency regarding child, co-parent can’t pick up child because not they are not the biological parent. (This also ties into legal barrier

)Legal Barrier-

Front 9

Martino 2000

Back 9

High school boys battle masculinity in catholic school where football team is seen as the dominant masculine group.

Front 10

Tough Guise

Back 10

Marlboro Man (Cigarettes)-embodied masculinity(please provide more info)

Real men make it on their own, they dont need the help of others, Independant

Boy toys got larger.

As time progressed, the idea of masculinity shifted ie more movie roles of men being vulnerable, “Good Will Hunting”

Front 11

Sex / Gender

Back 11

Sex” refers to the biological apparatus, the male and the female-our chromosomal, chemical, anatomical organization

“Gender” refers to the meanings that are attached to those differences within a culturegender is masculinity and femininity-what it means to be a man or a womansocially learned behaviors and expectations associated with being a woman or man- cultural

Front 12

Interplanetary theory of gender difference

Back 12

sex chromosomes and hormones create differences in mens and womens:

-physical characteristics

women are naturally nurturing, men are natural aggressive

Front 13

Gender identity

Back 13

one’s experience of their own gender

Front 14

Sex/Gender category

Back 14

Placing someone in a sex/gender category is necessary to coordinate social interaction

Front 15

Sexual orientation

Back 15

sexual identity in relation to gender attraction:

heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual

Front 16

Intersexuality

Back 16

a variation of sexual characteristics such as chromosomes or genital that do not allow an individual to be distinctly male or female

Front 17

Transgender

Back 17

relating to a person whose self-identity doesn’t conform to conventional notions of male or female

Front 18

Gender as a multilevel structure

Back 18

organizes every aspect of our lives, it's embedded in the family, workplace, sexuality and language

Front 19

Social construction of gender

Back 19

the view that gender and gender roles are socially constructed and are learned through social learning and gender policing

Front 20

Doing gender

Back 20

do it through our interactions, allow categories to become sex characteristics through gender makers

West and Zimmerman, 1987

Front 21

Biological determinism

Back 21

women and men are biologically different, our reproductive anatomies are different and so are our reproductive destinies

Front 22

Gender socialization

Back 22

the process through which genders are learned through interactions with parents, peers, etc

four stages of development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

Front 23

Gender nonconformity

Back 23

When a particular sex does not conform to conventional ways associated with its gender ie boys playing with dolls.

Front 24

Gender policing

Back 24

the act of imposing and enforcing gender norms based on an individual's perceived sex

Front 25

Identity Work

Back 25

Anything people do, individually or collectively, to give meaning to themselves or others

creates subjectivity- sense of self

Front 26

Double standard of assessment

Back 26

Males, regardless of if their resume is better are chosen more often for higher positions

Front 27

Self fulfilling prophecy

Back 27

a false definition of the situation evoking a new behavior, which makes the originally false conception come true.

Front 28

Gender Maneuvering

Back 28

a collective effort to actively negotiate the meaning and rules of gender to redefine the hegemonic relationship between masculinity and femininity in a normative structure of a specific context

Front 29

Masculinity practices

Back 29

Boys learn how to “do” masculinity in magazines and other media outletsalso learn at home, through school and other social practices

Front 30

Identification Theory

Back 30

1.gender emerges through unconscious psychological processes

- identity of girls is relational and secure (same as their mother)

-identity of boys in positional and insecure (different than their mother)

2.identify with same-sex parents

-girls more secure because more time spent with motherboys harder because less time spent with father

Front 31

Social learning theory

Back 31

-Bandura

-gender emerges through observation, modeling, and communication

-model same-sex behavior - get rewarded, reinforced

-reinforced behavior continues, punished behavior doesn’t

Front 32

Title IX

Back 32

federal law made in 1972 that protects from discrimination based on sex in any federally funded education program or activity

Front 33

Sexual / gender division of labor

Back 33

-Men work in more managerial (higher position jobs)

-Typical female jobs tend to have more feminine qualities (Nurses, Elementary school teachers, designers)

Front 34

Androcentrism

Back 34

societies that value attributes associated with masculinity over those associated with femininity

Front 35

Heteronormativity

Back 35

Denoting or relating to a world view that promotes heterosexuality as the normal or preferred sexual orientation

Front 36

Hegemonic masculinity

Back 36

Hegemony is defined as the domination of one social group over another. The ideas of ruling class come to be seen as a norm, they are seen as universal ideologies, perceive to benefit everyone, but really only benefit the ruling class.