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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The countries of Western Europe and the overseas English-speaking countries: the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand
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Western Nations
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A marriage system in which people are allowed only one spouse
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Monogamy
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A marriage system in which men or women (or both)are allowed to have more than one spouse
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Polygamy
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Benefits or costs that accrue to others when an individual or business produces something
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Externalities
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The costs imposed on other individuals or businesses when an individual or business produce something of value to itself
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Negative Externalities
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Benefits received by others when an individual or business produces something, but for which the producer is not fully compensated
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Positive Externalities
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Things that may be enjoyed by people who do not themselves produces them
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Public Goods
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The tendency for people to obtain public goods by letting others do the work of producing them
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Free-Rider Problem
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One adult, or two adults who are related by marriage, partnership, or shared parenthood, who is/are taking care of dependents, and the dependents themselves
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Public Family
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Two or more individuals who maintain an intimate relationship that they expect will last indefinitely
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Private Family
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Kindship ties that people have to construct actively
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Created Kinship
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Kinship ties that people more or less automatically acquire when they are born or when they marry
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Assigned Kinship
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The ability to draw conclusions about a social situation that are unaffected by one's own beliefs
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Objectivity
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A systematic, organized series of steps that ensures maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem
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Scientific Method
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A speculative statement about the relationship between two or more variables
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Hypothesis
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A study in which individuals from a geographic area are selected, usually at random, and asked a fixed set of questions
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Survey
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A study in which the researcher spends time directly observing each participant
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Observational Study (also known as field research)
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A survey in which interviews are conducted several times at regular intervals
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Longitudinal Survey
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Analysis of survey data by the people who collected the info
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Primary Analysis
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Analysis of survey data by people other than those who collected it
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Secondary Analysis
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A sociological theory that attempts to determine the functions, or uses, of the main ways in which a society is organized
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Functionalist Theory
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A sociological theory that focuses on inequality, power, and social change
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Conflict Theory
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A sociological theory that views people as rational beings who decide whether to exchange goods or services by considering the benefits they will receive, the costs they will incur, and the benefits they might receive if they were to choose an alternative course of action
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Exchange Theory
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A sociological theory that focuses on people's interpretations of symbolic behavior
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Symbolic Interaction Theory
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A sociological theory that focuses on the domination of women by men
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Feminist Theory
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The social and cultural characteristics that distinguish women and men in a society
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Gender
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The period between the last few decades of the twentieth century and the present day
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Late Modern Era
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The process through which individuals take in knowledge, reflect on it, and alter their behavior as a result
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Reflexivity
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The view that human behavior can be explained in terms of evolutionary pressure to be have in ways that maximize the chances of reproduction
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Evolutionary Psychology
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A set of roles and rules that define a social unit of importance to society
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Social Institution
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