Sociology Unit 1

Front 1

birthrate

Back 1

the number of births per 100 of the population per year

Front 2

childhood

Back 2

a socially defined age status. historical and cultural differences show how childhood is socially constructed

Front 3

conjugal roles

Back 3

the roles platted by the husband and wife. segregated conjugal roles are where the husband is the breadwinner and the wife is the homemaker. joint conjugal roles are when they both perform roles at home and in leisure time

Front 4

domestic labour

Back 4

work performed in the home such as childcare, cooking and cleaning. functionalists see it as part of the expressive role performed by women, whilst feminists see it as a source of womens oppression.

Front 5

dual burden

Back 5

when a person is responsible for two jobs, usually applied to women who are in paid work but also responsible for domestic labour

Front 6

DINK

Back 6

dual income no kids

Front 7

egalitarian

Back 7

based on equality

Front 8

emotion work

Back 8

the work involved in meeting other peoples work

Front 9

empty shell marriage

Back 9

a marriage in name only, where a couple continues to live under the same roof but as separate individuals

Front 10

exchange theory

Back 10

the idea that people create, maintain or break off relationships depending on the costs and benefits of doing so

Front 11

expressive roles

Back 11

the caring, nurturing 'homemaker' role in the family. functionalists argue that women are biologically suited to this role, but feminists reject this

Front 12

extended family

Back 12

a group of kin, extended beyond the nuclear family. can be both vertically and horizontally

Front 13

family structure

Back 13

the composition of a group of people who live together as a family unit. i.e. reconstituted, nuclear

Front 14

feminism

Back 14

a sociological perspective and political movement that focuses on women's oppression

Front 15

functionalist fit

Back 15

parson's theory that with industrialization the structure of the family becomes nuclear to fit the needs of industrial society for a geographically and socially mobile labour force

Front 16

functionalists

Back 16

have the perspective in sociology according to which society consists of different but related parts, each of which serve a specific purpose

Front 17

household

Back 17

a group of people who live together and share things such as meals, bills facilities or chores or one person living alone.

Front 18

ideology

Back 18

marxists ideal meaning a set of beliefs that serve the interests of a dominant social group by justifying their privileged position

Front 19

industrialization

Back 19

the shift from an agricultural economy to one based on factory production

Front 20

infant mortality rate

Back 20

the number of infants who die before their first birthday, per 1000 live births per year

Front 21

instrumental role

Back 21

the breadwinner or provider role in the family. functionalists argue that this is performed by men

Front 22

marxism

Back 22

the political and economic theories of marx and engels, late developed by their followers to form the basis of communism

Front 23

mobility

Back 23

movement, change of position. sociologists distinguish between geographical mobility (from one place to another) and social mobility (from one social status to another). functionalists argue that the geographical and social mobility of the nuclear family enable it to meet the needs of industrial society

Front 24

new right

Back 24

a conservative political perspective whose supporters believe in self reliance and individual choice that than dependence in the state

Front 25

nuclear family

Back 25

a two generation family of a man and a woman and their dependent children, own or adopted

Front 26

patriarchy

Back 26

feminists use the term to describe a society based on male domination, a system or ideology of male power of women

Front 27

postmodernism

Back 27

perspective that rejects the modernists' belief that we can have certain, true knowledge of society. belief that society is diverse and it is impossible to produce ant absolute explanations of society

Front 28

privatized family

Back 28

a nuclear family whose lifestyles and leisure patterns center on the home rather than the extended family

Front 29

reconstituted family

Back 29

a stepfamily, in which one or both partners has children from a previous partner

Front 30

role

Back 30

how someone who occupies a particular status is expected to act

Front 31

sexuality

Back 31

sexual orientation

Front 32

social construction

Back 32

where something is created by social processes, rather than simply occurring naturally

Front 33

social policy

Back 33

the actions, plans of government bodies and agencies that aim to deal with a problem or achieve a goal

Front 34

status

Back 34

a position in society. ascribed status occurs where our position in society is determined by fixed characteristics that we are born with. achieved status occurs when an individuals position is the result of their effort or ability

Front 35

stigma

Back 35

a negative label or mark of disapproval attached to a person, group, characteristic or topic

Front 36

unit of production

Back 36

where family members work together as economic producers said to be more common in pre-industrial society

Front 37

unit of consumption

Back 37

more of a modern family who no longer work together but still consume together

Front 38

urbanization

Back 38

the process of change from a rural society where the majority of the population of the countryside move to cities or towns

Front 39

kin

Back 39

a wider group of related people beyond your immediate family

Front 40

family

Back 40

a group consisting of parents and children, living together in a household

Front 41

life course

Back 41

the pattern of family changes that someone goes through during their lifetime

Front 42

lone parent family

Back 42

one parent living with children

Front 43

beanpole family

Back 43

small family with one of two children, pattern is repeated through the generations

Front 44

empty nest family

Back 44

a couple where their children have left home

Front 45

polygamy

Back 45

practice of having more than one husband or wive at the same time

Front 46

monogamy

Back 46

man and wife marriage

Front 47

marriage

Back 47

the formal union of man and woman, typically as recognized by law, by which they become husband and wife

Front 48

cohabiting

Back 48

two people in a relationship, who are not married or civil partners of each other who live together as a couple

Front 49

SPERM

Back 49

social,political,economical,religious,medical

Front 50

divorce

Back 50

the legal termination of marriage

Front 51

murdoch (1949 4 factors)

Back 51

sexual, reproductive, economic and educational

Front 52

parsons (1950 2 factors)

Back 52

primary socialization and stabilization (warm bath)