Sociology-The Forest And The Trees

Front 1

Define Ideology

Back 1

A set of beliefs, attitudes, and opinion that may or may not be based on scientific evidence
-Created by social groups

Front 2

Dominant Discourse: 2 definitions

Back 2

1)The way most people think and speak abouot a particular issue
2)The way that the people in power think and speak about a particular issue

Front 3

Define Individualism

Back 3

Explains the world only in terms of what goes on inside individuals

Front 4

Core View of Reality

Back 4

We are always participating in something larger than ourselves, we have to understand what it is that we're participating in and how we participate in it

Front 5

David Emile Durkheim

Back 5

The study of the group is more powerful in understand human behavior than either biology or psychology. Basically sociology=most important

Front 6

Johnson's view of Society (social systems)

Back 6

-We all participate in multiple social systems
-Social system=collection of roles in relationship to one another that forms a whole
-Not everyone starts off equally

Front 7

Define Agency

Back 7

Capabilities as an individual, our free will

Front 8

Difference btwn. Culture and Structure

Back 8

Culture:way we construct reality using ideas, symbols and meaning;also the way we habitually behave
Structure:the way we go about doing things

Front 9

Define Beliefs

Back 9

Truth and fiction are social constructs...what society deems to be true.
-Think about Pluto as a planet or earth flat/round

Front 10

Define Values

Back 10

Beliefs that designate what is good/bad, better/worse.
-Guides our choices & how we treat others

Front 11

Relationship btwn. Beliefs & Values

Back 11

All values are beliefs, but not all beliefs are values.

Front 12

Define Norms

Back 12

Values that are reinforced with social consequences (ex:rewards and punishments)

Front 13

Two Perspectives on Norms

Back 13

1)Functionalism:they help society work and succeed
2)Conflict:they create and preserve inequalities

Front 14

Define Attitudes

Back 14

Reactions--often with emotional content--based on beliefs, values, and norms.

Front 15

Define Material Culture

Back 15

The physical expression of our beliefs, values, norms and attitudes.
-ex:Fast food, "faster is better"
-ex:SUV, "bigger is better"
-UM Apparel

Front 16

Define Ethnocentrism

Back 16

My (social location, country, anything) is better than anything else.

Front 17

Define Cultural Relativity

Back 17

Equally good, but different

Front 18

Emile Durkheim-Suicide

Back 18

Shows us the individualistic model doesn't work--can't explain the patterns in social systems, specifically white male suicide rate highest

Front 19

Define Paths of Least Resistance

Back 19

Staying on this route perpetuates privilege.

Front 20

Define Privilege

Back 20

Something one receives based on membership in a social category. Not earned.

Front 21

Define Social Structure

Back 21

The organization of relationships at all levels of society.

Front 22

Distributions that occur in social relationships (3)

Back 22

1)Wealth
2)Power
3)People in various positions

Front 23

Define Status(Johnson)

Back 23

The position one holds in a given social system.
-Can be permanent or temporary
-Behavior may be more a function of position than personality

Front 24

Define Status(McGinn)

Back 24

Social job title
-Can be high or low status
-Max Weber defined groups by these categories

Front 25

Define Role(Johnson)

Back 25

The collection of beliefs, values, attitudes and norms that apply to a position holder
-Shaped by culture

Front 26

Define Role(McGinn)

Back 26

Social job description

Front 27

Define Role Structure

Back 27

The relationships that link statuses--or entire systems to one another--are the main part of what we think of as social structure
-mix of statuses and role relationships
-ex:graph of role structure btwn. heterosexual marriage

Front 28

Explain how structures affect our behavior

Back 28

What you feel your role description requires you to do
-ex:domestic violence from husband out of stress from being laid-off

Front 29

Merton's theory of Deviance and Opportunity

Back 29

Capitalist societies place a high value on accumulating possessions, and the opportunities to acquire them is highly unequal

Front 30

Define Human Ecology

Back 30

The relationships that exist among individuals, social systems and the physical environment

Front 31

Max Weber-Definiton of Ideal Types

Back 31

Groups whose members share characteristics and can be studied as a single unit

Front 32

Pierre Bourdieu-Sociology

Back 32

Believed sociology discovers social principles

Front 33

Peter Berger-Sociology

Back 33

A passionate curiosity--disciplined by scientific methodology--about the interactions of ppl.

Front 34

C. Wright Mills-Sociology

Back 34

-Studies the intersection of biography and history(troubles/issues) to provide insight into both

Front 35

Where does sociology fit in the social sciences?

Back 35

-Psychology:individual
-Sociology:the group
-Anthropology:the human race

Front 36

William James & the "Self"

Back 36

An individual's self is the sum total of all they can call theirs
-material
-social
-spiritual

Front 37

Charles Horton Cooley (UMich)

Back 37

-The Looking Glass Self...largely in your own head
1)Think about how people perceive you
2)Think about how other's judge you
3)Make an internal decision based off of this on how to act

Front 38

George Herbert Mead (UMich-->Chicago)

Back 38

We perform actions, called "social gestures" in response to other's action, after considering the symbolic meaning of their actions and ours.

Front 39

Robert Park (UMich Undergrad)

Back 39

Everyone is always and everywhere, more or less consciously, playing a role.
-Self is constituted by the individual's conception of his roles on the social scene and related status

Front 40

Erving Goffman:Dramaturgy

Back 40

Self is the product of dramatic interaction btwn. actor and audience

Front 41

Define Generalized Other

Back 41

Known only by their status/role

Front 42

Define Significant Other

Back 42

Known by their individual behavior

Front 43

Johnson's Self in Systems-Behavior and Action

Back 43

Behavior-everything we do
Action-intended gestures based on social meanings

Front 44

Define Stratification

Back 44

The hierarchical layering of society, results when we play out roles that are privilege or disadvantaged based on culture

Front 45

Define Performative Words

Back 45

Words that can alter reality...socially constructed
-The meaning of the words varies with the role of those who are saying it
-ex: I love you, I promise, I'm sorry

Front 46

What are systems?

Back 46

Systems are structures(arrangement of statuses)and roles(which is where you'll see the cultural influence) to which culture is attached

Front 47

Johnson & Spirituality

Back 47

There's more to human existence than what we know as social life
-Ideas from William James originally