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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 purposes for sociological research
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explore, describe, explain
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dependent variable
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considered as "effect" or "result" (what's measure)
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ethnography
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a research methodology that is based on the direct observation and sometimes participation in the social phenomena under investigation
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grounded theory
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thory derived from empirical observations
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negative correlation
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as one variable decreases the other increases (vice-versa)
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qualitative methods
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analysis based on words rather than numbers (in-depth interviews)
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primary research
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you do by yourself or as part of a research team (interview, survey, etc.)
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research methods (3 kinds)
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methodology (decide when commone sense is accurate or not), research (studying a problem for the purpose of deriving general principles), and theory (best explaination so far)
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spuriousness
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the relationship of two variable to a third variable (more friends improve health...what about age?)
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validity
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correspondence between what a measurement instrument is supposed to measure and what it actually measures
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direct (or positive) correlation
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as one variable increases the other increases (vice-versa)
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field research
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deep involvement with settings, activities, and persons studied
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independent variable
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considered as "cause" (I change)
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reliablity
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same or similar results when a researcher uses the same measurment instrument on the same or similar subject
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quantitative methods
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analysis based on #s (statistics)
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secondary research
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finding and reading about research someone else has already done
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unobtrusive methods
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do not intrude on the phenomena being studied (rummage thru dumpster for info on diets but not in someones home)
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abstract reasoning
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trying to figure out the meaning behind actions or behaviors
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anticipatory socialization
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learning the roles and norms that attach to a position before we actually occupy the position
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agents of socialization
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the prersons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society
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face-ism
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tendency for pictures of men to focus on the face and pictures of women more toward their body
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moral delemma
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decisons made based on your own personal morals (adults are able to process it better than children)
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socialization
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a lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for suvival in society
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Book Readings
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Look over and understand main ideas.
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Freud
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developed psychoanalytic/psychosexual theory (humans are driven by sex)
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Mead
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developed the game theory
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Erikson
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developed psychosocial theory (8 stages)
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Kohlberg
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developed the moral development theory (beliefs, religion, etc)
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Piaget
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developed the cognitive development theory (hypothetical thinking)
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imitation
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Mead: Step 1) birth-3 where baby has different sounds for what it wants (unsophisticated play)
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play
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Mead: Step 2) 3-5 where learn to talk and take roles of others (imagination)
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game
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Mead: Step 3) fully developed individual where understand the rules of the game (sophisticated play)
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id
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part of personality that is irrational and concerned only with seeking pleasure-want to do (Freud)
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ego
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part of personality that is rational, dealing with the world logically and realistically-what we do (Freud)
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superego
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part of the personality that is moral called conscience-ought to do (Freud)
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Erikson's 8 Stages
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in notes
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