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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sociology
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The systematic and scientific study of human behavior, social groups, and society
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August Comte |
France
Born during the age of revolutions Wanted to explain social problems using science Coined the term “Evolution of Knowledge” |
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Theological:
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gods/god/spirits |
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Metaphysical |
Metaphysical: observations-why things are happening |
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Positivism |
Positivism: using science to explain things |
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Herbert Spencer |
England Organic analogy - the body works together to do things Social Darwinist - In society those at the top are most likely to survive Social analyst - observe, do not interferefunctionalist |
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Karl Marx |
economic determinist - believed economic standing is all you need to know about someone believed in false consciousness - a way of thinking that prevents a person from perceiving the true nature of their social or economic situation social revolutionary communism (classless society) - increase the middle class so the middle lives better |
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Emile Durkheim |
Social solidarity suicide studies --> catholics are less likely than protestantmarried people less likely than marriedwartime less likely than peacetime -->all times of too little group too much self analyst functionalist |
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Max Weber |
Value-free rerstenhen (insight) noticed people needed more objectivity Ideal Type → checklist (how do we recognize something when we see it?) act/analyst conflict/interactionist |
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Spurious Relationship |
Spurious Relationship: there is a correlation but it does not matter Ex: eating ice cream is linked to sneak bitesSUMMERTIME |
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Scientific Method
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Problem or Question
Lit Review (Example) Hypothesis Research Design Collect Data Draw a Conclusion Pose a Question/ Publish |
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Quantitative Research Designs |
Experiment
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Qualitative Research Design |
Ethnography
Case Study Observation |
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Triangulation: |
Using more than one type of research design |
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Hunter/Gatherer |
Small what they hunt/gather Family Nomadic |
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Horticultural |
Small Plants/ what they could grow Religion Where food was |
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Pastoral |
Small
what they could herd religion Farms |
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Agrarian |
Medium Food surplus economy/politics move/ farms |
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Industrial |
Large Mechanization/mass production education cities |
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Postindustrial
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Very Large
info/service/technology media/medical/legal Anywhere |
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Culture is… |
Universal: everyone is part of a culture Cumulative: builds on itself and gets more complicated learned: you are not born knowing shared |
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3 Parts of Culture |
Material: objects of culture that are tangible Cognitive: how people feel - language, values normative: behaviors of a culture |
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norms |
behavioral guidelines
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folkways |
less serious behavioral guidelines |
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mores |
more serious behavioral guidelines |
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laws |
written and enforced guidelines |
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taboos |
100% unacceptable (incest / cannibalism) |
