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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fascination with Murder
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- Escape/Entertainment (helps them to escape reality because it's so gruesome it can't be true, thus it becomes entertainment)
- Negative Interest (they see themselves as victims, so they think they will be better protected if they know) - Identify with Killers/Making Celebs out of Monsters (they associate with killers, but have a conscience, so they don't do anything about it) |
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Violence
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Refers to any range of human activities intended to inflict harm or injury (even sometimes includes animals)
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Level of Violence
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Depends on # of perps/victims
- Micro: a husband & wife get into a fight and he stabs her - Mid: a gang of teenaged boys assault a stranger - Macro: US goes to war in Afghanistan |
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Homicide
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Taking the life of another person
- 1st Degree Murder: malice & premeditation - 2nd Degree Murder: just malice - Manslaughter: no malice, heat of passion or negligence |
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Murder
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Regarded as most serious form of violence
In US it's blamed on: - Guns -Subculture of violence -Poverty/Inequality -Strain/frustration -Eclipse of community |
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Income Inequality/Poverty
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- Shrinking middle class
- Immigrants are usually non-violent, but the longer they are here the more likely they are to commit murder (ex. El Paso, San Diego > low murder rate) |
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Robert Merton's Typology (Frustration/Strain)
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- Conformity: stay in school, have means and goals
- Ritualism: slack in school, have means, but no goals - Innovation: urban crimes, don't have means, but have goals - Retreatism: alcoholics, drug addicts, don't have means or goals - Rebellion: cults, may have any combination |
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Subculture of Violence
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- South is capital of homicide
- Approved to have guns there - Violence is seen as an appropriate response to disrespect |
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Eclipse of Community
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- People have to leave there support systems, maybe to find a better job
- Large numbers of strangers creates violence - Mass/Serial murder is high where there are lots of strangers (ex. California) - South has very low mass murder rate |
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Impact of Incarceration
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- More than 2 million people behind bars
- Functions: rehabilitate, punish, protect society - Teenage gangs: organized crime (lifelong membership > return to jail repeatedly) |
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Community Approach to Sex Offenders
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- Sex offender registries
- Buffer zones - Electric monitors - Indefinite incarceration - All of these make it impossible to integrate into society |
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Responses to Youth Violence
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Zero-tolerance policing (NYC):
- Goes after teens making minor offense, so they don't escalate to major ones - Police become more critical - The downside was reports of brute force and racism by officers Partnership Model (Boston): - It required that the police maintain a relationship with the people - Two pronged attack 1) Law and order - lock up youngsters who cannot be saved, more police in crime hot spots 2) Prevention - provide adult supervision for teenagers, who would otherwise be asked to raise themselves (collaboration between police & community) |
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Grass Roots Effort (Boston)
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- 10 point coalition: taking its congregations to the streets & the gangs, cooperating with police
- After-school programs, community centers, boys & girls clubs - Summer jobs programs - College students, parents, and other volunteers tutoring in schools |
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Juvenile Crime (Gangs)
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- Gangs are a source of income for youngsters, who believe they can't make it in legitimate system (Merton)
- Sense of belonging, acceptance, family - Feeling of importance - Protection - Fill the vacuum created by the withdrawal of adults from the lives of young people - Crimes happen between 3 and 6 because they get out of school and have no adult supervision |
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Fighting Juvenile Crime Now Failing
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- Focus on terrorism since 9/11
- Budget cuts - Large number of at risk teenagers - Complacency - Release of large number of inmates, who return to drugs and gangs |
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School Shootings
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Happen in small town America
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"Copy Cat Phenomenon"
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- Multiple victims
- National publicity - Killers become celebrities - If there is a lot of publicity, it's gonna happen again - In the 90's killers, rapists, etc. were put on the cover of People magazine, so bulled students in small towns now know that by killing they can be big shots - Copy cat determines the characteristics of the next school shooter |
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Characteristics of School Shooters
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- Psychological depression
- Bulled/teased/rejects/ignored - Trapped in small & close community - Students in large schools - Used guns as weapons - Boys |
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Uncontrolled Strain
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Many school shooters had friends, who suffered similar strains in school or home and who got into trouble - ex. the trench coat Mafia
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Chronic & Acute Strains initiating Planning
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Chronic
- Victim of bullying/teasing/gossip at school - Ignored by peers - Family conflict Acute - Loss of face (humiliating episode) - Rejection by girlfriend - Eviction |
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Ineffective Ideas for Reducing Violence
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- Install metal detectors
- Institute zero-tolerance policies regarding threats and weapons - Arm the faculty (challenge) - Excessive police presence |
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Effective Ideas for Reducing School VIolence
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- After school programs
- Bring back the frills (drama, art, etc.) - Reduce school size - Increase staffing and up student/teacher ratio - Teach conflict resolution skills - Reduce bullying - Provide alternative programs |
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Adult Shooters invade the School
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- Males
- Victims were girls - Targeted rural school houses - Intended to sexually assault them |
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School Shootings graduate from High School to College
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- Virginia Tech
- Northern Illinois - University of Iowa |
