Sociology Of The Family Final

Front 1

About ___ of all remarrying women separate from their new spouses within five years of the second marriage.

Back 1

1/4

Front 2

Step Parents have what income and education compared to parents of nuclear families

Back 2

less income and less education

Front 3

______ of families where the noncustodial parent’s whereabouts are known, recieve child support or alimony from the former spouse.

Back 3

1/3

Front 4

When it comes to stepfamilies the “stranger” model is

Back 4

where the stepparent has no legal rights or responsibilities toward the child.

Front 5

When it comes to stepfamilies the “dependency” model is:

Back 5

followed mostly by federal policy makers, assumes the residential stepfather is, in fact, supporting the stepchildren and provides benefits accordingly.

Front 6

In recent years policy changes have extended the rights and obligations of natural parent as well as stepparents. (t/f)

Back 6

False

Front 7

Stepparents in most states have no obligation during the marriage to support their stepchildren, nor do they enjoy any right of custody or control. (t/f)

Back 7

True

Front 8

Adolescent children in stepfamilies experience more conflict with their residential stepmothers than do children in non divorced families with their own mothers. (t/f)

Back 8

False

Front 9

The stepparent who lives with the children is far more likely to be a stepfather than a stepmother.

Back 9

True

Front 10

In the early stages of all marital transitions, child-parent relations are often disrupted and parenting is more authoritative than in non divorced families.

Back 10

False

Front 11

Three Views of Family

Back 11

The conservatives believe that there is a cultural a moral weakening which has led to family breakdown. This leads to divorce which can cause father absence, school failure, poverty, crime, and drug use.

The liberals believe that the changing economic structure has led to changing family and gender roles, which ultimately can cause struggles in the family which negatively affect children because parents spend less time with their children. They believe this is due to the increase in specialized jobs.

The feminists believe that a lack of cooperation among the community, family, and work leads to stressed and overworked parents, which leads to a lack of sufficient care and attention for children. The diversity of family structure is also a result of lacking cooperation which can have the same effects on children.

Front 12

in the first half of the 20th. century, what were the ways around laws forbidding consensual divorce in the U.S.?

Back 12

In the first half of the 20th century were collusive, in that the husband and wife would mutually agree to a bargain.

Front 13

Which was the first state to allow divorce for incompatibility? When?

Back 13

The first state to allow divorce for incompatibility was New Mexico in 1933.

Front 14

How did other state begin to loosen up on divorce laws?

Back 14

Many states allowed divorce if a couple had been separated for a certain amount of years. This ranged from a two to ten year separation. Other states allowed people to be divorced if a spouse was incurably insane. A couple could also be divorced if one spouse was in jail on a felony charge.

Front 15

What does Herbert Jacob call the “silent revolution?” Why that name?

Back 15

The silent revolution is Herbert Jacob’s term for the passage of no-fault divorce laws. It got this name because there was very little attention brought to the issue as well as very little controversy.

Front 16

What did the no-fault law of California in 1970 do to change the nature of divorce?

Back 16

The no fault law of California in 1970, allowed for a divorce if the marriage had “irreconcilable differences,” and has completely broke down. This was not meant to allow for automatic divorce, however judges never really looked too far into the details to see if the marriage was in fact beyond saving. This law changed the nature of divorce throughout the country because other states began to follow.

Front 17

Where and when in Europe were the first legalized forms of gay unions?

Back 17

Denmark was the first nation in the world to have a legalized form of gay union, in 1989. This was called a registered partnership. Norway and Sweden soon followed. In 2001 the Netherlands became the first to grant full legal marriage rights to same-sex couples.

Front 18

Who were the first to level a public challenge against the reigning cultural presumption that the two terms, “gay” and “parent” are antithetical?

Back 18

The first to publicly challenge against this presumption were bisexual parents, who only came out after their hetero-sexual marriage ended, and gained at least shared custody of their children.

Front 19

According to the author, what represents one of the only new, truly original and decidedly controversial genres of family formation and structure to have emerged in the West during many centuries?

Back 19

According to the author, fully intentional childbearing outside of heterosexual unions represents one of the only new, truly original, and decidedly controversial genres of family formation and structure to have emerged in the West during many centuries.

Front 20

Which and when did the first state in the U.S. recognize “civil unions?”

Back 20

The first state in the U.S. to recognize civil unions was Vermont in the year 2000.

Front 21

What was first state to recognize legal marriage for gays?

Back 21

Massachusetts 2004

Front 22

What are the demographics of intentional gay parents and why?

Back 22

Intentional gay parents are generally white, better educated, and more mature than other parents because adoption is expensive and difficult to attain.

Front 23

What data does the author provide on the increased prison population since the 1990s and the percent of children with parents in prison in 2002

Back 23

In the 1990’s the overall prison population increased by fifty-percent, as well as the number of children who had parents in prison. This change, of kids with parents in prison, was from 1 million to 1.5 million. By 2002, every 1 out of 45 children ( about two-percent of child population) in america had parents in prison. Furthermore, seven-percent of African American children had parents in prison.

Front 24

What are the consequences of the “gender imbalance” created by the criminal justice policies.

Back 24

The gender imbalance leads to irregular dating, courtship, marriage, and family formation. In most all cases, there becomes a shortage of men in communities where incarceration is high. As a result, children are growing up more frequently in female-headed houses, men are having weaker and less relationships with females, and there becomes change in the masculine identity.

Front 25

What percent of the U.S. population was over age 65 in 2003?

Back 25

In 2002 12.3% of the U.S. population was over the age of 65.

Front 26

What do the terms “cultural competence” and “cultural humility” refer to in this article?

Back 26

Cultural competence refers to a system that provides appropriate, effective, high-quality service for all persons regardless of racial or ethnic background. Cultural humility refers to the acknowledgment what we do not know about each other as individuals and members of multiple cultural groups.

Front 27

While over half of adults age 65 and older are married, what is the gender difference? And the race difference.

Back 27

Older women outnumber older men by a ration of 141: 100. They are therefore much less likely to be married than older men. In 2002, 73% of older men were married, while only 41% of older women were.

Front 28

Which category of older women living alone had the highest rate of poverty among older adults?

Back 28

The highest rate of poverty among older adults appeared in divorced women.

Front 29

What have studies found about sibling relationships in later years?

Back 29

In later years, sibling relationships tend to strengthen, specifically after a period of decreased interaction due to childbearing. That being said, gender, geographic proximity, and individual differences affect the contact siblings have later in life.

Front 30

What will the average number of grandchildren be for older people?

Back 30

On average, people have five to six grandchildren.

Front 31

What three grandparenting styles did Cherlin and Furstenberg describe in their 1992 study?

Back 31

Cherlin and Furstenberg describe remote (symbolic), companionate (share leisure activities and friendship) , and involved (active role/parental role) grandparenting styles in their 1992 study.

Front 32

What two additional styles are noted among Native American elders?

Back 32

Among Native American elders there are also the ceremonial grandparents (culturally endowed contact), and cultural conservator grandparents (sought contact and temporary coresidence with grandchildren). These methods are used to expose their grandchildren to the American Indian way of life.

Front 33

Which racial/ethnic group of grandparents is most likely to coreside with their grandchildren? Which is least likely?

Back 33

Pacific Islander grandparents are most likely to coreside with their grandchildren (10%), while non-hispanic white grandparents are least likely to coreside (2%).

Front 34

In addition to the stress involved with grandparents raising grandchildren, as studied in the Black community, what are the positive impacts of that situation?

Back 34

In the Black community, grandparents can be effective role models, educators, emotional supporters, and community promoters. They also often take the place of an absent parent in their grandchild's life.

Front 35

full emancipation of adult children

Back 35

they are under no duty to obey their parents or to take account of them in any way; even the duty to support aged and infirm parents has been evaporating. The state has largely taken over that duty.

Front 36

“in loco parentis”

Back 36

(in place of the parents)

Front 37

The authority of the family is ____ than it was in the past

Back 37

weaker

Front 38

When and where did adoption become legal in America

Back 38

Massachusetts in 1851; every state in 1900

Front 39

What country has the highest and lowest divorce rate

Back 39

USA-highest
China-Lowes

Front 40

Divorce Rates

Back 40

Ratio: divorces in a year:marriages in a year
Crude Rate: divorces in a year per 1000 people in the population
Refined Rate: divorces per 1000 married women 15+

Front 41

Most divorces occur when

Back 41

the second, third, and fourth year of marriage

Front 42

Subsequent marriages last _____ than the first

Back 42

Shorter

Front 43

Childlessness has _____ in the U.S.

Back 43

Increased

Front 44

Coital, Post Coital, and Post-Natal methods of fertility reduction

Back 44

Coital- Birth Control
Post-Coital- Options after Sex
Post-Natal- Adoption

Front 45

Abortion Rate (Center for Disease Control v Guttenmacher)

Back 45

(# abortions/ live births) v (# abortions/ 1000 pregnancies)

Front 46

Most Abortions Occur in Women Ages...

Back 46

20-24

Front 47

____ of teen pregnancies ended in abortion

Back 47

1/2

Front 48

Who is normally infertile

Back 48

Man 30%, Woman 50%, Mutual 20%

Front 49

Culture Lag

Back 49

The lag of value and law changes behind technology and resources

Front 50

Ultrasound affects sex ratio in what way

Back 50

More males born

Front 51

Which sex has a higher mortality rate in the first year

Back 51

Male

Front 52

Fertility

Back 52

# of births had

Front 53

Fecundity

Back 53

potential # of births for a lifetime

Front 54

Manifest vs Latent

Back 54

Regulations intended to regulate fertility (birth control/abortion) vs. regulates by cultural factors

Front 55

Demographic Transition Model

Back 55

Stage One (premodern)- high birth rate+high death rate= stable population
Stage Two (urbanizing/industrializing)- high birth rate+decreasing death rate= increased population
Stage Three (Mature Industrial)- decrease birth rate+ low death rate= decrease rate of population growth
Stage Four (post industrial)- low birth rate +low population= stable population

Front 56

Mean Average of Children/ Ideal

Back 56

Mean=3 Ideal=2

Front 57

3 Childhood Eras

Back 57

Premodern- Agricultural
Modern-Industrial
Post Modern- Postindustrial

Front 58

Labeling leads to

Back 58

The Self Fulfilling Prophecy

Front 59

Mean and Cooley

Back 59

Symbolic Interactionists- we become who we are based on the people around us and interacting with us

Front 60

Children increase anger in fathers or mothers more

Back 60

mothers

Front 61

Breaking Hypothesis

Back 61

couples without children are much more likely to divorce when unhappy

Front 62

Resource Dilution Theory

Back 62

Kids with more siblings have less resources, both physical and intangible

Front 63

Socialization

Back 63

the learning of expectations, habits, skills, values, beliefs, and other requirements necessary for effective participation in social groups.

Front 64

Cooley

Back 64

1. We imagine how others see us
2. We imagine the reaction of others to our imagined appearance
3. We evaluate ourselves according to how we imagine others have judged us.

Front 65

Mead

Back 65

Imitation
Play
Game
Generalized Other

Front 66

Group, System, Institution

Back 66

Group-families/ internal structure/sense of belonging
System- statuses+roles relative to others
Institution- stable cluster of norms, values, roles, statuses

Front 67

Family Myths

Back 67

Universality- all families are the same
Harmony- not always perfect models of the family
Parental Determinism- children are more effected by the relationship they have with their parent than the parent is.

Front 68

Parents of _____ are are less likely to divorce than parents of _____

Back 68

sons; daughters

Front 69

Abuse Formula (Ruben Hill)

Back 69

Events Going on in Life at Time+Resources+Personal Meaning of Event= Outcome (stress)

Front 70

The family is the most violent institution other than the military during war (t/f)

Back 70

True

Front 71

Abusers are aliens and victims are always innocent (t/f)

Back 71

Fals

Front 72

Killing a spouse is equal among men and women

Back 72

True

Front 73

We correctly emphasize the benefits of being a mother (t/f)

Back 73

False. We tend to overemphasize them

Front 74

Adoption peaked in what year

Back 74

1970

Front 75

Most adoptions: public, private, kin/stepparent

Back 75

Most: Kin/Stepparent
Middle: Private
Lowest: Public

Front 76

What percentage of kids in the 90's who went through the foster care system were adopted by their foster parents

Back 76

65%

Front 77

Cooley Sense of Self

Back 77

the looking glass self, interpreting how others see us based on their reactions and then we internalize these thoughts

Front 78

Gatekeeping

Back 78

women want help, but when they receive it they are very critical about it