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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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white privilege |
the advantages inherent in being categorized as white |
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wage of whiteness |
-- concept developed by W.E.B DuBois who took notice of white workers had the idea of seeing themselves as equals with their white boss's and distinguished a divide between the white and black working class. -- shows how european immigrants learned how to "be white" and take advantage of the privileges |
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racialization |
the process by which a group begins to be treated as a race |
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honorary white |
people who are not cinsidered white but can be treated as if they were white -- light skinned latinos, east and south asians, multiricials in the middle between Whites and "Collevtive Black" ( tri-racial order) |
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collective black |
people who are black, as well as other groups that receive similar treatment as black people such as Hmong or dark-skinned Puerto Ricans |
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mulitracial/biracial |
a person whose parents identify with different racial groups. ` |
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whitening |
The process by which a person and his or her offspring become whiter as a result of social status and or intermarriage |
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3 ways whitening can occur |
intergenerational whitening -- black and white person have a child social whitening -- when a person is born black but through an increase in class status is considered white cultural whitening -- when a person is born indian but acculturates to the dominate culture and becomes whiter in situations |
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prejudice |
the belief that perople belong to distinct races and that these racial groups have innate hierarchical differences that can be measured and judged |
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racism |
the feelings that differences can be judged and the subordination of other races deemed to be inferior |
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assimilation |
the process by which a person or persons acquire the social and psychological characteristics of a group: “Waves of immigrants have been assimilated into the American culture.” |
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colonialism |
the act of acquiring political control over another country, occupying it with settlers and exploiting it economically ( and slavery in america) |
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slave codes |
Laws enacted in the 1660's that clearly made differences between Africans and Europeans -- indentured servants masters were not allowed to free there slaves creating a permanent slave class |
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social construction |
viewing people based on "biological" differences but on social perception -- race is a social construction |
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Indian Removal Act 1830 |
president Andrew Jackson authorizing the use of military power to displace 70,000 Native Americans
and killing thousands in the process |
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Trail of Tears |
forced displacement of the Cherokee of Georgia, The Apalachicola of Florida, the Peoria of illinois, etc. -- violated treaties -- justification? - Hindering white expansion |
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race |
a social construction to describe a group of people who share physical and cultural traits as well as a common ancestry |
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racism |
1. The belief that races are popluations of people whose physical differences are linked to significant cultural and social differences and that these innate hierarchical differences can be measured and judged 2. the practice of subordinating races believed to be inferior |
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individual racism |
interpersonal, when one person discriminates against another based on race or ethnicity |
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example of individual racism |
a relator telling a black couple that there are now openings in the apartment but then showing a white couple housing options in the same apartment builiding |
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systemic racism |
diverse assortment of racism practices, encompassing daily microaggression, deep seated inequalities, historical inequalities, and anti-black ideologies -- has been a part of US since its founding and it continues to happened through the various institutions |
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institutional racism |
Policies, Laws, and Institutions that reproduce racial inequalities -- laws that are written in ways to discriminate against blacks ( cocaine and weed possessions black males are more likely to get charged with harsher punishments that white men who have done worse crimes) -- looking at system as a whole |
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structural racism |
Inter-Institutional interactions across time and space that reproduce racial inequalities -- a chain of events that becomes a racism cycle ex. racial inequalities in housing lead to inequalities in school, which lead to inequalities in the labor market. |
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microagressions |
brief verbal barbs that could occur in split second
-- affect the psychological well being of people of color |
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racial formation |
the socio-historical process by which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed - state is the primary site where races is constructed and contested |
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racial projects |
simultaneously an interpretation, representation, or explanation of racial dynamics and an effort to reorganize and redistribute resources along particular racial lines -- cultural ideas and social structures work together in racial formation projects -- not all racial projects are racist ` |
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intersectionality |
a simultaneous look at multiple forms of oppression, such as race, ethnicity, class, and gender oppression |
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interest convergence |
because racism advances in the interests of both elite and working class whites -- mentally, physically, and respectively, -- large segments of society have little to eradicate it |
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Johnson Reed-Act/immigration act of 19 |
legislation that made passports and visas a requirement for entry to the US and established national origin quotas for European immigrants. --Overly racist and designed to increase nordic population and put a stop to the growth of other groups |
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Immigration Act of 1917 |
expanded the 1882 Chinese exclusion act and denying entry to US for anyone coming from the "Asiatic Barred Zone", which included India, Burma, Malay, Arabia, Afganistan |
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birthright citizenship |
In 1790 only whites born in the US benefited from birth-right citizenship but the constitution expanded it to blacks in 1866.. |
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When did native americans gain birth right citizenship |
in 1924 |
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Nationality Act of 1940 |
anyone born in the U.S. was granted citizenship |
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abstract liberalism |
First frame of Bonilla color blind racism involves using liberal ideas such as equality of opportunity or freedom of choice to explain or justify racial inequalities -- blacks "choose" to live in poorer neighborhoods -- nothing prevents them from leaving |
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naturalization |
second frame which permits people to explain racial phenomena as if they were natural -- people like to be around others who are like them |
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cultural racism |
third frame relying on culturally based explanations such as the idea that black lives in poor neighborhoods because they don't work hard enough to get out of the ghetto. --- not because the structural system makes it difficult for black men to get a job in urban areas |
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minimization of racism |
4th frame -- suggest that discrimination is no longer a central factor affecting life changes for people of color -- racism doesn't exist anymore |
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color-blind racism |
a racial ideology that explains contemporary racial inequality as the outcome of nonracial dynmanis, such as market dynamics, naturally occurring phenomena, and non-whites supposed cultural limitations |
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enlightened racism |
the idea that the US is a land of opportunity and that AFrican Americans could do better if they only tried harder |
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controlling images |
raced, gendered, and classed depictions in the media that shahpe people's ideas of what African Americans are and are not |
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rhetorical strategies |
way of expressing ideas to justify racial prejudices and discriminatory actions -- permit whites to reproduce racism without out being called racist |
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When was the idea of race invented? |
race is not real it was socially constructed during the area of colonialism ` |
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what are todays prevailing racial ideologies? |
color-blind ideologies -- races are not explicitly acknowledge but prejudices and acts of racial discrimination work to benefit whites -- no one wants to be labeled a racist biological racism, cultural racism, color blind universalism, |
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In what ways do those ideologies work to justify the current racial hierarchy? |
they "justify" the current idea of white privilage and nutralize the fact that whites beleive have superiority over any other race just because that is the way it has always been |
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What are the significances of exclusionary immigration laws and policies? Do we see those exsisting today |
they were very racially based and we fudged number to allow certain people which in ( nordic decent) yes we still see those today -- debating weather or not to take in muslim refugees |
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What is prejudice and discrimination? |
belief of distinct groups and that these groups have a set standing in the heirarche system that can be measured and judged the practice of treating people differently based on their prejudice beliefs |
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How does racism structure prejudice? |
racism includes both prejudice and discrimination a racial prejudice would be if an employee believed african americans were less competent than whites and then acteded opon this belief to hire a white person instead |
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Why does Patricia Hill Collins argue that media representations are race-, class- and gender specific |
controlling images represent race, class, and genders in a specific way infulence our belifes as a society as to how a race, class, gender are represented as a whole black males thugs black women - bitchy and argumentive |
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How does Bonilla-Silva explain color-blind racism? How does it function in society? |
They are ideologies that explain contemporary reacial inequalites that "justify" white supremicey through various frameworks depending on how people act upon racism --cultural, minimization, naturaliztion |
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How do microaggressions play in the lives of folks of color? |
they are affected on college campus, from friends, colleges, affects their mood, cognitive thinking |
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What are systemic and structural racism, and how do they reproduce and justify racial disparities? |
systemic racism focuses on the accumulated acts throughout racism and how they continue to be reproduced and justify racial opression --every day acts and microagressions that individuals and institutions use to reproduce racism structural racisms takes into account actions of institutions across time and space and how there is a circle that is developed that hinders the progression for african americans to prosper |
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Explain interest convergence and connect it to an issue today. |
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Think of an issue related to racial/gender/class inequality and use one of the frameworks (theories of racism) in Chapter 7 to explain it. Justify your selection of this framework over others. |
education inequality for blacks structural racism is composed with several relationships with different institutions that are structured to impact minority groups -- began with slavery and the slave codes that made it illegal for slaves to read and write -- continued after salves were freed by segregation of schools |
