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33 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Social stratification

This is when society is split into groups. The group with the most status, power and wealth go at the top. Social class is a type of stratification.

Social inequalities

This means different groups within society have different life chances.

Social class

A group of people sharing a similar economic position in terms of occupation, status and wealth. In Britain, this is how we stratify society.

Life chances

This means opportunities and experiences that people have. People in different social classes have different life chances, e.g. richer people have a higher life expectancy, do better in education and are more likely to end up in higher classes.

Social mobility

The movement of people from one social class to another. An open/socially mobile society is one in which it can happen, a closed/ socially reproductive society is one in which it can't.

Caste

The type of social stratification that existed in India in which people cold not move out of the position they were born into. This is a closed society where ascribed status is more important than achieved status.

Upper class

The people at the top of the social class system. They consist of lords and ladies, entrepreneurs, and well paid celebrities.

Middle class

The group in society that may own their own business or may be a manager. People who have a job which you're needed to go to university to get the job.

Working class

The group within society who tend to have manual/physical or routine jobs.

Underclass

People at the very bottom of the social class system.

Sexism

Discrimination based on gender.

Racism

Discrimination based on ethnicity.

Ageism

Discrimination based on age.

Glass ceiling

The informal barrier that makes it difficult for women to get to the top/high level jobs in work. This might exist because of women's choices or discrimination.

Institutional racism

This is when the police are, or allow, racism within their organisation. This might be one reason why some minority ethnic groups are more likely to be in prison than white people.

Wealth

The assets owned by a person, e.g. house, car, savings etc

Income

The money that a person receives regularly e.g. pensions, wages, benefits.

Absolute poverty

Lacking the bare necessities to survive e.g. food, water, clothes, shelter.

Relative poverty

When someone does not have what most people in society have e.g. mobile phone, computer, car etc.

Subjective poverty

When a person feels that they are missing out on things such as status, power, class etc... The elderly may experience this as the feel like a burden.

Environmental poverty

When somebody lives in an area that is ugly, dirty, unsafe and lacks amenities that can make life easier, e.g. doctors, supermarkets etc...

Social exclusion

When people are unable to play a full part in society. This may be owing to lack of material resources, discrimination by others and/or a sense that the rest of society neither wants nor respects them

Poverty trap

When people can't make the most of saving money, e.g. can't afford to buy in bulk so have to buy the more expensive option. Living in an area in which is more expensive to insure a car than a rich person living in a nicer area.

Scrounger

Someone who is willing to take benefits from society, or even make the most of it and not do anything for it, e.g. work.

Welfare dependency

When a person relies on benefits from the government as their only source of income, this can lead to subjective poverty and social exclusion.

Cycle of deprivation

This means that a person born into poverty is more likely to stay in poverty for their whole lives.

Life cycle of poverty

This is the belief that people do not stay in poverty for their whole lives but are more likely to be in poverty at different time, e.g. pensioner, when they have children, teenage years.

Language deprivation

When a person does not have a good standard of spoken English.

Equality act 2010

A law introduced to give all social groups protection against discrimination.

Structural explanation of poverty

The Marxist belief that people in poverty are there because they are not given the same life chances/opportunities .

Cultural explanation of poverty

The new right explanation which suggests the poor are poor because they don't try hard enough, so it actually their fault.

Achieved status

A person's position in society that is based on merit and them working hard.

Ascribed status

A person's position in society that is beyond their control. It is not earned but they are born into it.