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86 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the process by which people act toward or respond to other people and is the foundation for all relationships and groups in society
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social interaction
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what is the complex framework of societal institutions and the social practices that make up a society and that organize and establish limits on peoples behavior
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social structure
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at what level does the social structure of a society have several essential elements
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macrolevel
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what do functionalist theortist emphasize?
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that social structure is essentioal because it creates order and predictibility in a society
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the state of being part insider and part outsider in the social structure
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social marginality
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who coined the term social marginality
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robert park
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any physical social attribute or sighn that so devalues a person's social identity that it disqualifies that person from full acceptance
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stigma
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all the statuses a person occupies at a given time
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status set
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stated that societies resolve this ambiguity by determining master statuses
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Everett Hughes
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dynamic aspect of a status
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role
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what is the process by which people act toward or respond to other people and is the foundation for all relationships and groups in society
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social interaction
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what is the complex framework of societal institutions and the social practices that make up a society and that organize and establish limits on peoples behavior
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social structure
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at what level does the social structure of a society have several essential elements
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macrolevel
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what do functionalist theortist emphasize?
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that social structure is essential because it creates order and predictibility in a society
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the state of being part insider and part outsider in the social structure
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social marginality
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who coined the term social marginality
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robert park
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any physical social attribute or sighn that so devalues a person's social identity that it disqualifies that person from full acceptance
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stigma
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all the statuses a person occupies at a given time
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status set
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stated that societies resolve this ambiguity by determining master statuses
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Everett Hughes
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dynamic aspect of a status
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role
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classification scheme containing two or moe mutually exclusive categories that are used to compare different kinds of behavior or types of societies
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typology
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asserted that preindustrial societies are held together by strong traditions and by the members shared moral beliefs and values
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Durkheim
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who stated that social solidarity derives from a society's social structure which in turn is based ont the societies division of labor
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Durkheim
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social cohesion of preindustrial societies in which there is minimal division of labor and people fveel united by shared values and common social bonds
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mechanical solidarity
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social cohesion found in industrial socities in which people perform very specialized tasks and feel united by their mutual dependence
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organic solidarity
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coined the terms gesellschaft and gemeinschaft
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Ferdinand Tonnies
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traditional society in which social relationships are based o personal bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability
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Gemeinschaft
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What status is the term gemeinschaft based on
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ascribed
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What does Gemeinschaft mean in german
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commune or community
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large urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and spcialized relaitonships with little long term commitment to the group or consensus on values
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gelleschaft
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in this group people are commited to the entire group and feel a sense of togetherness
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gemeinschaft
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in this group people are interacting only based on need for one another
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gelleschaft
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gemeinschaft is related to which term coined by durkeheim
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mechanical solidarity
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gelleschaft is related to which term coined by durkeheim
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organic solidarity
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society based o technology that mechanizes production
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industrial
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who's belief is it that there is very little shared reality beyond that which is socially created
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symbolic interaction theorist
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strongly influences what we see and how we respond
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construction of reality
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when we analyze a social context in which we find ourselves, determine what is in our best intrest and adjust our attitues and actions accordingly
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definition of the situation
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a false belief of prediction that produces behavior that makes the orifinally false belief come true
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fulfilling prophecy
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studied pacific city
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Wiseman
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the study of the commonsense knowledge that people use to understand the situations in which they find themselves
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ethnomethodology
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the study of social interaction that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation
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dramatiurgical analysis
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people's efforts to present themselves to others in ways that are most favorable to their own image
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impression management
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who coined the term impreseeion management
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Erving Goffman
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the strategies we use to rescue our performance when we experience a potiential or actual loss of face
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face-saving behavior
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who coined face-saving behavior
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Erving Goffman
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shapes the appopraiate emotions for a fiven role or specific situation
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feeling rules
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coined feeling rules
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Hochschild
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a collection of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time but share little in common
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aggregate
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a number of people who may have never met but share a similar characteristic such as education level
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category
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taking roles of future behaviors of the group you want to be apart of
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anticipatory socialization
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goal- or task oriented leadership
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instrumental leadership
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an approach to leadership that provides emotional support for members
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expressive leadership
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people who make all major group decisions and assign tasks to members
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authoritarian leaders
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leaders who encourage discussion and decision making thorugh consensus building.
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democratic leaders
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leaders who are only minimally involved in decision making and who encourage group member to make their own decisions
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laisse-faire leaders
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the process of maintaining or changing behavior to comply with the norms established by a society, subculture or other group
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conformity
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the process by which members of a cohesive group arrive at a decision that many individual members privately believe is unwise.
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groupthink
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Organizations that we join voluntarily to pursue some common intrest or gain personal satisfaction or prestige by joining
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normative
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associations that people are forced to join
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coercive
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which group says that deviance is learned thorugh interaction with others
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symbolic interactionists
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occurs when pe9ople accept society's goals but adopt disapproved means for achieving them
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innovation
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occurs when people give up on societal goals but still adhere to the sociallhy approved means for achieving them
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ritualism
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occurs when people abandon both the approved goals and the approved means of achieving them
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retreatism
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occurs when people challenge both the approved means for acheving them and advocate an alternative set of goals or means
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rebellion
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circumstances that provide an opportunity for people to acquire through illegal acitivites what they cannot achieve wrongly
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illegitimate opportunity structures
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powerful use of law and the criminal justice system to protect their own class interest
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critical approach
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view womens diviance as arising from gender discriminaiton
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liberal feminism
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focuses on patriacrchy and socialist feminism
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radical feminism
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when deviant behavior is learned in interaction with others. (when exposed to deviant behavior by others)
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differntial association
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who coined the term knowlage as power
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MIchel Foucault
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where is "knowlage as power" used
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in prisons
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the initial act of diviance
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primary deviance
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when a person accepts the lable of "Deviant" and engages in divant acitvity
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secondary deviance
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crimes involving a willing ex-change of illegal goods or services among adults
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victimless crimes
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illegal acitvities committed by people in the course of their employment or financial affairs
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corporate crimes
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a business operation that supplies illegal goods or services among adults
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victimless crimes
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illegal acts committecd by people in the course of their employment or financial affairs
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occupational (white collar) crimes
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illegal acts commited by corporate employees on behalf of hte corporation and wiht its support
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corporate crimes
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a business operation that supplies illegal goods and servies for profit
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organized crime
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deviant behavior is learned in interaction with others. ( a person becomes deviant when exposed to breaking laws)
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differential association
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what are the functionalist perspectives on deviance
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strain theory
opportunity theory |
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what are the conflict perspectives on deviance
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critical approach
feminist approach |
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list the symbolic interactionist perspectives on deviance
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defferntial association
social control/bonding labeling theory primary/secondary theory |
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postmodernist perspective
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knowladge as power
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who accounts for almost half of all arrest for violent crimes and 55% of property crime
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under 25
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