Sociology Final Exam

Front 1

Education

Back 1

social institution through which society provides its members with important knowledge

Front 2

CT/ Benefits to Society

Back 2

wealthier - access to better schools, tutors
talents not discovered
resources: public vs. poor public vs. private
property tax funds schools

Front 3

SF/ Benefits to Society

Back 3

opens up more work opportunitites
social norms (raising hand to speak)
prevents deviance (kids off the street)
childcare
opens up new areas of interest
-discovers talent

Front 4

Standardized Testing

Back 4

biased
define majority students as smarter
minority students are at a disadvantage

Front 5

tracking

Back 5

assigning students to specialized educaitonal programs (college prep, gen ed, vocation/tech training)
helps teachers meet each student's individual needs

Front 6

Capitalism

Back 6

based on competition
emphasizes high productivity, maximization of rewards
individualistic, self-centered, profit-oriented
laissez-faire (hands off gov't)

Front 7

Socialism

Back 7

based on cooperation
emphasizes group welfare, collective ownership
goal is equitable distribution of goods and services

Front 8

Marx - Importance to society

Back 8

economic determinism: economy - infrastructure; ideas/values - superstructure
false consciousness: unaware of class interests
class consciousness: aware of class interests in opposition to capitalism
alienation: sense of isolation/powerless due to work

Front 9

Information Technology and Work

Back 9

computers are taking the place of people
they allow supervisors to constantly check on employees
work to relocate - customer service in other countries

Front 10

historical transitions

Back 10

agricultural revolution --> postindustrial/primary
industrial revolution --> secondary production
post industrial --> teritiary
informational --> knowledge and info. production

Front 11

SF/ Pluralist Theory of Politics

Robert Dahl

Back 11

power spread among many competing interest groups
1 person/group can't hold pwoer long
negotiation and compromise for society
balance needs of society
elected officials
people - vote; organization - interst group

Front 12

CT/ Power Elite

C. Wright Mills

Back 12

wealthy (econ, military, politicians)
high SES, white, male
know one another - overlappping ties (inter-marry)
oligarchy
more likely to vote & inside the power elite

Front 13

Power

Weber

Back 13

ability to achieve desired ends despite resistance and opposition
monarchy - traditional(family, lineage)
democracy - rational/legal (positional, bureaucratic power; hitler); charismatic (personality, fragile; ghandi, mlk, jr)
authoritarian & totalitarian - all 3

Front 14

Demography

Back 14

study of human population; anazlyzes size/composition of population and why people move

Front 15

age/sex pyramid

Back 15

high-income nations: low birth/death, low pop. growth, 37 median age
low-income nations: high birth/death, fast pop. growth, 26 median age

Front 16

Territorial v. Nonterritorial Groups

Back 16

T: smaller, sense of polace, rural, land and family ties people to place, ethnic enclaves (DeSoto, Giddings)
NT: work -secondary group, interest groups: church, rotary

Front 17

Megalopolis

Back 17

vast urban region containing a number of cities and their suburbs

Front 18

Toennis

Back 18

Gemeinschaft: primary group, rural, kinship-based life, intimate, private, exclusive living, traditional, less deviance, friendly
Gesellschaft: secondary group, public life, religious societies, superficial/fake, cold, harsh, unforgiving, unfriendly, every man for himself

Front 19

Georg Simmel

Back 19

blase attitude - tunign out what's around you because city is full of ppl, objects, and events

Front 20

Emile Durkheim

Back 20

mechanical solidarity --> traditional, rural life
organic solidarity --> bonds based on specialization and interdependence

Front 21

Louis Wirth

Back 21

combined all ideas

city: setting with a large, dense, adn socially diverse population; impersonal, superficial way of life