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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Caste system |
The closed system of social stratification. Membership is fixed at birth and is permanent. |
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Social differentiation |
The process of categorizing people by age, height, occupation, or some other personal attribute. |
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Social stratification |
When people are ranked in a vertical arrangement (hierarchy) that differentiates them as superior or inferior. |
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Life chances |
Weber's term for chances throughout one's life cycle to live and experience the good things in life. |
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Social class |
When a number of people occupy the same relative economic rank in the stratification system. |
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Privilege |
The distribution of goods and services, situations, and experiences that are highly values and beneficial. |
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Race |
A presume common genetic heritage resulting in distinguishing physical characteristics. |
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Ethnicity |
Shared cultural heritage |
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Gender |
The cultural and social definitions of feminine and masculine. |
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Sex-gender system |
The stratification system that assigns women's and men's roles unequally. |
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Sex roles |
Behaviors determined by an individual's biological sex |
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Gender roles |
The understanding of gender differences that emphasize the characteristics that individuals learn in the socialization process. |
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Patriarchy |
Forms of social organization in which men are dominant over women. |
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Matrix of domination |
The intersections of the hierarchies of class, race, and gender in which each of us exists. |
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Meritocracy |
Social stratification by ability |
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Institutional discrimination |
When the customary ways of doing things, prevailing attitudes and expectations, and accepted structural arrangements work to the disadvantage of the poor. |
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Wealth |
A person's net worth (Assets-liabilities) |
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Income |
Amount of money earned |
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Social class |
A number of people who occupy the same relative economic rank in the stratification system |
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Social mobility |
An individual's movement within the class structure of society. |
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Vertical mobility |
Movement upward or downward in social class |
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Horizontal mobility |
Is the change from one position to another of about equal prestige. |
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Intergenerational mobility |
The difference in social class position between (typically) a son and his father. |
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Intragenerational mobility |
The movement by an individual from one social class to another. |
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Feminization of poverty |
A reference to the relatively large number of female-headed households living in poverty |
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Severely poor |
People living at or below half the poverty line. |
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Welfare |
The receipt of financial aid and/or services from the government. (Poor) |
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Wealthfare |
The receipt by the no poor of financial aid and/ or services from the government |
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Tax expenditures |
Legal tax loopholes that permit certain individuals and corporations to pay lower taxes or no taxes at all. |
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Regressive tax |
When the poor pay sales tax on the items they purchase, the tax takes more of their resources than it does from the nonpoor. |
