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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a social institution involving beliefs and practices based on recognizing the sacred |
religion |
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Karl Marx’s view on religion – conflict theory approach |
claims that religion justifies the status quo. In this way, religion supports inequality. |
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Feminist analysis of religion
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highlights the fact that major religions have traditionally been patriarchal. |
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3 functions of religion according to Durkheim
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1. Social Cohesion. 2. Social Control. 3. Provides meaning and purpose. |
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set apart as extraordinary, inspiring awe and reverence |
sacred |
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What is a cult? Which religions began as a cult? |
a religious organization that is largely outside a society's cultural traditions
Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. |
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What share of the U.S. population is at least somewhat religious?
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1/3 of US population is at least somewhat religious |
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the historical decline in the importance of the supernatural and the sacred |
Secularization |
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a conservative religious doctrine that opposes intellectualism and worldly accomodation in favor of restoring traditional, otherworldly religion |
Fundamentalism |
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5 characteristics of fundamentalism |
1. take the words of sacred text literally. 2. reject religious pluralism. 3. pursue the personal experience of God's presence. 4. oppose "secular humanism" evolution. 5. endorse conservative political goals. |
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the importance of religion in a person's life |
Religiosity
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Religious affiliation in the SW of the U.S. tends to be what?
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Catholic |
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Who are more religious statistically women or men? Younger or older people? Lower or higher income people? |
older people more religious than young. women more religious than men. low income more religious. |
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the social institution through which a society provides its members with important knowledge, including basic facts, jobs skills, and cultural norms and values. |
Education |
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When did schooling become the law in the U.S. and Japan? |
Following the industrial revolution |
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Economic development and schooling
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Undeveloped societies have worse education systems. |
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Education in Japan- what are some possible reasons why Japanese students do better in school? What is their math ranking worldwide?
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They spend 60 days more in school. Culture pressures them to do well. Japan ranks 9th in math and science skills.
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Edu. In India – Indians see more of a reason to educate girls or boys? Why?
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India depends on children's income and see less reason to educate girls. fewer girls reach secondary schools than boys. |
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Education in low income nations |
In low-income nations, MOST education is a matter of what families and other community members teach their children.
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Which continent do we see the highest rates of illiteracy? |
Africa |
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a lack of the reading and writing skills needed for everyday living. |
Functional illiteracy |
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Functions of schooling |
1. Socialization.
2. Cultural innovation.
3. Social integration.
4. Social placement. |
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Latent functions (unintended functions) of schooling
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1. Schools as child care providers. 2. Engages young people at a time in their lives when jobs are not plentiful. 3. Sets the stage for establishing relationships and networks. 4.Link between particular schools and career opportunities. |
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process by which one's expectations about another person eventually lead the other person to behave in ways that confirm these expectations.
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The self-fulfilling prophecy |
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Community Colleges- what is the importance?
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Low tuition. enroll more than 40% of all US college students Special importance for minorities. Attracts students from abroad. Faculty focuses more on teaching than research.
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Schooling and social mobility
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Schooling is an important path to upward social mobility- moving up in class position “ideally” |
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Money and schooling |
Most people who are in school come from well off families. Money is the biggest stumbling block to access higher education. |
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assigning students to different types of educational programs. |
Tracking |
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Violence in schools
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What happens in surrounding societies is spilled into schools. Violence more common in poor neighborhoods. Many people think schools should teach personal discipline. |
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What racial category is more likely to drop out of school?-what are some reasons students are dropping out?
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Hispanics dropout most. Dropping out because of problems with English language, pregnancy, and need to work to help family. |
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Teacher’s salary by U.S. geographic area- refer to the map in the book
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Teachers in states with higher costs of living receive higher salaries. new york, california... |
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Shortage of teachers? Or an influx? |
Shortage |
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a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being |
Health |
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Health and class |
higher income people tend to have better nutrition, better healthcare, and live in safer areas. Higher income people assess their health as excellent as or better than what lower income people assess about their health.
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patterns of development that expose poor people, especially minorities, to environmental hazards.
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environmental racism |
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Society shapes human health. How? |
1. Cultural patterns define health. 2. Cultural standards of health change over time. 3. A society's technology affects people's health. 4. Social inequality affects people's health. |
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What health problems were created by the industrial rev.?
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1. Sanitation problems. 2. Factories fouled air with smoke. 3. Workplace accidents were common. |
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the study of how health and disease are distributed throughout a society's population. Looks at age, gender, social class, race. |
Social epidemiology |
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Health in low-income countries |
Severe poverty cuts decades off the long life expectancy typical of rich countries. Most die before reaching their teens. Limited safe drinking water, poor nutrition, limited access to medical personnel. |
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In poor nations around the world, about what percentage of children die before they reach their first birthday?
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10% |
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According to the World Health Organization, about how many of the world's people suffer from serious illness caused by poverty?
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1 billion |
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Leading causes of death in low-income countries.
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Infectious diseases. Poor sanitation and malnutrition kill people. |
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Which region has the highest rate of HIV?
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Sub-Saharan Africa |
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Which disease is the biggest killer in today's high-income nations?
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Heart Disease. |
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Why is masculinity linked to health?
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People with a type A personality are impatient and aggressive. This is hard on the human heart. |
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Health in the U.S.
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Health is generally good by world standards. We spend the most on healthcare. Our people have higher rates of disease and end up dying sooner than people in other high-income countries. HIV became more common in 60's. |
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what factors can reflect life expectancy?
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race, class, gender. |
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Which category of the U.S. population has the highest life-expectancy?
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White women. |
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In the United States, how does life expectancy of white people compare to that of black people?
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White people live four years longer. |
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Infant mortality rate
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twice as high for disadvantaged children as for children born into privileged families. Poorest US children are as vulnerable to disease as those in low-income nations. |
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Who is more likely to smoke cigs? Kills how many people/year?
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Smokers: divorced, separated, unemployed, in the military, and less schooling. Kills 440,000/year. |
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Eating disorders- highest amongst which group? What are reasons as to why people have them? Think back to Miss Rep.
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White, affluent women. People try to conform to unrealistic body expectations. |
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Why is obesity high in the U.S.? – more prevalent amongst lower income ppl or higher income ppl?
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Physical labor jobs less common. House work done by machines. Poor diet. More prevalent amongst low income people. |
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an approach to health care that emphasizes prevention of illness and takes into account a person's entire physical and social environment. |
Holistic medicine 3 foundations of Holistic healthcare 1. Treat patients as people. 2. Encourage responsibility, not dependency. 3. Provide personal treatment. |
