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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Differential Association
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Social learning, peer pressure learning acceptable "definitions' of criminal and/or deviant behavior. Becker's marijuana study-learning both technique and "definition", Edwin Sutherland's Propositions
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Edward Sutherland 1
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1. Criminal behavior is learned.
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4
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When criminal behavior is learned, the learning includes (a) techniques of committing the crime, which are sometimes very complicated and sometimes very simple; (b) the specific direction of motives, drives, rationalizations, and attitudes.
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8
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The process of learning criminal behavior by association with criminal and anticriminal patterns incorporates all the mechanisms that are involved in any other learning.
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2
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Criminal behavior is learned in interaction with other person in a process of communication.
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3
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The principal part of the learning of criminal behavior occurs within intimate personal groups.
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5
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The specific direction of motives and drives is learned from definitions of legal codes as favorable and unfavorable.
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6
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A person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to violation of law over definitions unfavorable to violation of law.
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Rational Choice Theory
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People weigh costs and benefits and act. Rational Choice Theory can explain big and small crimes alike, and can point to crime-control policies.
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Bounded Rationality
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We make shortcuts based on imperfect information.
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Choice-Structuring Properties
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Shape our cost/benefit analysis
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Labeling Theory
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How people become considered criminal, why are they considered crimes in the first place. "Offenders" are created by other people labeling their behavior as bad, delinquent, and or deviant.
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D.L. Rosenhan
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Labeling Theory. Published "being sane in insane places". 8 volunteers as pseudo patients.
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William Chambliss
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"Saints & Roughnecks". Investigates 2 cure groups of youth. Upper and middle class and delinquent lower class.
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Saints & Roughnecks
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Upper class kids getting into trouble is considered a part of growing up but when lower class kids do it, it is considered delinquent.
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Moral Panics
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Introduced by Stanley Cohen. Focused on case studies that involves fights between two groups in British youth. mod vs. rockers. Sometimes groups of people become highly agitated over behaviors or practices that don't really affect them.
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Stanley Cohen
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Introduced the Moral Panic Theory
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Howard Becker
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Marijuana Studies in 1953. Learning is both "technique and definition" wants to learn how people learn to use it and enjoy it.
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Joel Best
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?
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Goode & Ben-Yehuda
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Moral Panics case study (1994). Disproportionally, folk devils, timing. They argued that response to crack cocaine in the 80's was a moral panic. Really flared up in 1985. Appeared in tv.
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Disproportionally
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Concept of moral panic rests on this. Mountains out of mole hills.(Halloween candy example)
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Folk Devils
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People responsible for the harm. Separates moral panics from panics about natural disasters.
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Timing
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Does not always correspond to the seriousness of the problem. Rather the attention that is paid to it.
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Habitus
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Translates structural power into intimate ways of being.
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Symbolic Violence
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The misrecognition of inequality as the natural order of things; leads people to blame themselves for their location in their society's hierarchy.
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Cultural Relativism
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The tenant of anthropol asks that we suspend moral judgement in order to understand and appreciate the diverse logics of social/cultural practices.
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Lumpen abuse
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The multiple abusive relationships which constitute structural violence.
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