Sociology Final

Front 1

credential societies

Back 1

the use of dilpomas and degrees to determine who is eligible for jobs, even though the diploma or degree may be irrelevant to the actual work.

Front 2

manifest functions

Back 2

positive things that people intend to do

Front 3

latent functions

Back 3

positive consequences they did not intend to do.

Front 4

cultural transmission of values

Back 4

progress by which schools pass on a society's core values from one generation to the next.

Front 5

social integration

Back 5

promoting a sense of national identity by having students salute the flag and sin gthe national anthum.

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mainstreaming

Back 6

becoming part of the mainstream of society

Front 7

gatekeeping

Back 7

determining which people will enter what occupation

Front 8

credentialing

Back 8

form of gatekeeping by using diplomas to determine who is illegible for a job

Front 9

hacking

Back 9

sorting students into different educational programs on the basis of their abilities.

Front 10

social placement

Back 10

funneling people into a society's various positions.

Front 11

hidden curriculum

Back 11

the attitudes and the unwritten rules of behavior that schools teach; helps to perpetuate social inequalities.

Front 12

The Rist Research

Back 12

Rist observed a school and only after 8 days in the classroom the teacher felt that she knew the children's ability enough to assign them to tables. Why? B/c of social class. Rist concluded that each child's journey through school was determined by the 8th day of school.

Front 13

self-fulfilling prophesy

Back 13

false assumption

Front 14

grade inflation

Back 14

higher grades given for the same work

Front 15

social promotion

Back 15

passing students from one grade to the next even though they are not ready

Front 16

functional illiteracy

Back 16

having difficulties with reading and writing in HS

Front 17

sacred

Back 17

thing set apart or forbidden, that inspire fear, awe, severance, or deep respect.

Front 18

religion has 3 parts

Back 18

belief, rituals, and moral community.

Front 19

functions of religion

Back 19

answer questions, emotional comfot, community, practical instructions.

Front 20

dysfunctions of religion

Back 20

justifies oppression and any number of brutal acts, wars, and terrorist acts.

Front 21

rituals

Back 21

ceremonies or repetitive practices used to create a feeling of closeness to God.

Front 22

religious experience

Back 22

a sudden awareness of the supernatureal of a feeling of coming into contact with God.

Front 23

born again

Back 23

people who have undergone a life transforming religious experience.

Front 24

capitalism

Back 24

working just enough to meet basic needs, not to have a surplus of invest

Front 25

spirit of capitalism

Back 25

term for the desire to accumulate capital and to constantly reinvest it.

Front 26

protestant ethic

Back 26

the ideal of a self-denying high moral life accompanied by hard work and frugality

Front 27

cult

Back 27

a new or different religion whose teaching and practices put it at odds with the dominant culture and religion (all religions start off as a cult)

Front 28

sect

Back 28

larger than a cult, but its members still feel tension between their views and the beliefs and values of the broader society

Front 29

denominations

Back 29

a brand name within a major religion

Front 30

demography

Back 30

study of the size, composition, growth, and distribution of humans

Front 31

malthus theorem

Back 31

although population grows geometrically, the food supply increases only authentically- if births go unchecked, we will strip our food supply

Front 32

why does starvation occur?

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NOT because the earth produces too little food, but because particular places lack food.

Front 33

population pyramid

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depict a country population by age and sex

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fertility rate

Back 34

the number of children that the average women bears

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fecundity

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the number of children that a woman is capable of bearing

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urbanization

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masses of people moving to cities and these cities having a growing influence on society

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metropolis

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an overlapping area consisting of a least two metropolises and their many suburbs

Front 38

megalopolis

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an overlapping area consisting of at least two metropolises and then many suburbs

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megacity

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when a city's population hits 10 million

Front 40

% of U.S who were college grads in 1960?

Back 40

8%

Front 41

% of college grads now?

Back 41

30%

Front 42

Verbal SAT scores 1967%?

Back 42

543

Front 43

Verbal SAT scores now?

Back 43

503

Front 44

Math scores in 1967 ?

Back 44

516

Front 45

Math scores now?

Back 45

518

Front 46

% of US belong to church in 1890?

Back 46

45%

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% of US belong to church now?

Back 47

65%

Front 48

# of student death in 1992?

Back 48

56

Front 49

# of student death now?

Back 49

19

Front 50

modernization

Back 50

the transformation of traditional societies into industrialized societies

Front 51

discovery

Back 51

a new way of seeing reality

Front 52

proactive social movement

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promoting social change

Front 53

reactive social movement

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those who feel threatened by social change

Front 54

environmental injustice

Back 54

where minorities and the poor are the ones who suffer the most from the effects of pollution

Front 55

environmental sociology

Back 55

the relationship between human societies and the environment

Front 56

world pop. at birth of Christ?

Back 56

300 million

Front 57

world pop. now?

Back 57

7 billion

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per capital food production in 1970?

Back 58

80

Front 59

per capital food production now?

Back 59

105

Front 60

# of years for M.I.N to double pop.?

Back 60

1,000

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# of years for L.I.N?

Back 61

48

Front 62

Annual pop increase in L.I.N 1960?

Back 62

2.1%

Front 63

# of cities with over 1 million people in 1975?

Back 63

195

Front 64

# of cities with over 1 million people in 2015?

Back 64

564