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111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The campus culture of "hooking up" usually involves sex between partners:
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who know little about each other, who have been drinking alcohol, one or both of whom are likely to express little satisfaction with such encounters
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Among all categories of prostitutes, those at the bottom of the hierarchy facing the greatest risk of violence are called:
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Street walkers
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What correctly states the distinctive focus of the symbolic-interaction approach regarding sexuality?
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It explains that societies construct patterns of sexuality and highlights the variety of practices and beliefs involving sexuality found throughout the world.
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What concept refers to a view that labels anyone who is heterosexual as "queer"?
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heterosexism
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Which theoretical approach rests on the idea that society needs to regulate human sexuality?
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Structural-functional approach
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Little or no sexual attraction to people of either sex is called:
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asexuality
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An example of the "social capitol" advantage of well-to-do students in U.S. schooling is having parents who:
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spend more time reading to their children, value schooling and encourage their children's learning, and encourage the devleopment of imagination in their children
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Older adults - people over age 25 - now account for about what share of all people in degree-granting programs in the U.S.?
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39%
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A symbolic-interaction approach to health and medicine emphasizes:
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the meanins people attach to health and illness
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A major cause of death among young people in the U.S. is:
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accidents
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People who support the school choice movement claim that U.S. public schools perform poorly because:
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they have no competition
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"Barefoot doctors," acupuncture, and the use of medicinal herbs are all part of the medical system in:
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China
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A hate crime is defined as:
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a criminal act motivated by racial or other bias
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Emile Durkheim's basic insight is that deviance is:
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a normal element of social organization
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Thomas Szasz made the controversial assertion that:
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mental illness is a myth: "insanity" amounts to difference that bothers others
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What does the opening story in Ch. 7 say about Bruce Glover's release from prison after serving 26 years?
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Long cut off from the outside world, Glover had few resources with which to begin a new life.
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In his strain theory, Robert Merton uses which of the following concepts to describe the behavior of a radical who rejects cultural goals and means in favor of some alternative system?
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rebellion
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The value of psychological theories of deviance is limited because:
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most people who commit crimes have normal personalities
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Emile Durkheim pointed to three societal functions of religion, which are:
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increasing social cohesion
providing social control providing meaning and purpose |
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As Max Weber saw it, capitalism amounted to:
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a disenchanted religion
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Which of the following is a correct criticism of the structural-functional approach to religion?
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it ignores religion's ability to cause social conflict
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What are counted among the functions of the family?
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socialization of the young, regulation of sexual activity, and social placement
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What are traits of religous fundamentalism?
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endorsing conservative political goals, seeking the personal experience of God's presence, and interpreting religous texts literally
[not accepting religous pluralism] |
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Sociological analysis of religion is concerned with:
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patterns of religious activity and their effect on social life
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The text's discussion supports the conclusion tha tlife-course stages:
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are linked to biology, but they are mostly defined by society
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Accodring to Piaget, what stage of human developmen do individuals experience the world only through sensory contact?
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sensorimotor stage
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Carol Gilligan extended Lawrence Kohlberg's research, showing that:
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girls and boys typically use differenct standards in assessing situations as right or wrong
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The focus of Lawrence Kohlberg's research was:
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moral reasoning
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According to George Herbert Mead, children learn to take the role of the other as they model themselves on important people in their lives, such as parents. Mead referred to these important people as:
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significant others
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Mead considered the "generalized other" to be:
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widespread cultural norms and values people learn
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In Japan - compared to the U.S. - getting into college is a more a matter of:
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personal ability demonstrate on achievement tests
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The most common way to pay for people's medical expenses in the U.S. is:
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private insurance programs
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Education is the social institution by which society provides people with important knowledge, including teaching them:
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job skills, basic facts and information, and cultural normas and values
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The problem of functional illiteracy means that:
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many young people leave school without having learned basic skills
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"Schooling for profit" refers to:
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public schools that are run by private companies
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In general, a structural-functional approach to health and medicine treats illness as:
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dysfunctional, preventing people from performing their roles
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A religious organization that is largely outside a society's cultural traditions is called a:
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cult
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What is true about religion in the U.S.?
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Since 1960, membership in mainstream organizations has declined, membership in both fundamentalist organzations has increased, and almost half of U.S. adults report having switched religious affilitations at least once
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American Indians who migrate from tribal reservations to cities, typically:
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seek out others in their kin and tribal group for help getting started, form "fluid households" with changing membership, come to think of other tribal members as kin
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According to national surveys, about what share of people in the U.S. identify with a religious tradition?
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85%
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Assume that you are visiting a society that permits polygamy, where would you be?
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Africa
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Historically, once society develops effective birth-control technology:
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social normas regarding secuality become more permissive
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The significance of Kinsey's research on sexuality in the U.S. was:
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defining sexuality as a proper focus of scientific study, showing the people were less conventional than widely assumed, and fostering a new openness towards sexuality
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Sexual attraction to both sexes:
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bisexuality
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Edman Laumann's study of sex patterns among U.S. adults show:
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striking difference; no single stereotype accurately portrays sexual activity in the U.S.
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In 2006, what share of U.S. adults state that homosexuality is wrong:
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57%
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Sexual attraction to someone of the same sex:
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homosexuality
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What concept refers to the illegal action of a corporation of people acting on its behalf?
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corporate crime
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Research suggests that, with regard to social class, arrest for serious crime:
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is higher for people in lower class levels
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Joe Adams was sent to prison by a judge who claimed that jail would make him think twice before repeating the crime. This is called:
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deterrence
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Edwin Lemert described "primary deviance" as:
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a passing episode of deviance that has little effect on the person's self-concept
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Erving Goffman's concept that refers to a powerful and negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity:
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stigma
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Biological approaches offer:
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a very limited understanding of crime
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Distinctive characterstics of total institution:
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staff members supervise all spheres of daily life, inmates have standardized food, clothing and activities, and formal rules dictate daily routines
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George Herbert Mead considered the self to be:
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the part of an individual's personality composed of self-awareness and self-image
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On average, a U.S. household has at least one tv on for how many hours per day?
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8
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Jean Piaget's focus was on:
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cognition, which means how people think and understand
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Assume that you are visiting a society that permits polygamy, where would you be?
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Africa
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Historically, once society develops effective birth-control technology:
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social normas regarding secuality become more permissive
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The significance of Kinsey's research on sexuality in the U.S. was:
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defining sexuality as a proper focus of scientific study, showing the people were less conventional than widely assumed, and fostering a new openness towards sexuality
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Sexual attraction to both sexes:
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bisexuality
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Edman Laumann's study of sex patterns among U.S. adults show:
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striking difference; no single stereotype accurately portrays sexual activity in the U.S.
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In 2006, what share of U.S. adults state that homosexuality is wrong:
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57%
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Sexual attraction to someone of the same sex:
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homosexuality
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What concept refers to the illegal action of a corporation of people acting on its behalf?
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corporate crime
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Research suggests that, with regard to social class, arrest for serious crime:
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is higher for people in lower class levels
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Joe Adams was sent to prison by a judge who claimed that jail would make him think twice before repeating the crime. This is called:
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deterrence
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The concept "patrilocality" refers to:
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a residential pattern by which a married couple lives near the husband's family
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Many people now think of kinship in terms of people who may or nay not have legal or bloos ties but feel they belong together and wish to define themselves as a family. Such groups are called:
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families of affinity
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Typically, the least stable form of religious organization is a:
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cult
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Describing the lives of working-class women, Lillian Rubin reported that most women said they wanted husbnads who:
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had steady jobs and were not violent
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What religious organizations began as a cult?
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Islam
Christianity Judaism |
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Which type of religious organization includes leaders who are formally trained and ordained?
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a church
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Which of the following concepts feres to a person's romantic and emotional attraction to another person?
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sexual orientation
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Attitudes and practices involving human sexuality:
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are diverse, both from one society and over time
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Queer theory is a growing body of knowledge asserting that:
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there is a bias against homosexuality in U.S. society
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When did the sexual revolution begin?
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It began in the 1920s but came of age by the late 1960s
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Reasons to oppose prostitution be a matter of personal choice involving adults is that:
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prostitution subjects many women to outright violence, prostitution plays a part in spreading STDs (including AIDS), many poor women become trapped in a life of selling sex
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The following statements are true of teenage pregnancy:
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The sexual revolution did not result in an increase of teenage pregnancy, teens may be biologically mature but they are not always socially mature, the U.S. has a higher rate of teenage pregnancy than other high-income countries
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In legal terms, a crime is composed of which two elements?
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the act and criminal intent
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About what share of U.S. adults support the death penalty as punishment for murder?
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63%
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What is the term for crime committed by persons of high social position in the course of doing their job?
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whit-collar crim
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Men, who represent about half the U.S. population, account for about what percentage of all arrests for property crime?
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69%
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Using a Marxist approach, Steven Spitzer claims that a capitalist society is likely to label the following as deviant:
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someone who threatens to take the property of others, people who are not very productive, radicals who call for basic change in society itself
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Critis of Erik H. Erikson's theory of personality development point out that:
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not everyone confronts life stages in the exact order given by Erikson, failing to meet the challenge of one stage of development may not mean failing at later challenges, this develpment process may unfold differently in various times and in various places
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Ageism refers to:
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prejudice and discrimination against the elderly
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The "graying of the U.S." refers to the process by which:
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the average age of the population is rising, the number of elderly people is increasing, the share of the population that has reached age 65 is increasing
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Sociologists claim that the main reason that many young people in the U.S. experience confusion during adolscence is:
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cultural inconsistency in defining this stage of life partly childlike and partly adultlike
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According to Erving Goffman, the goal of a total institution is:
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to radically alter a person's personality or behavior
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Centuries ago in Europe, ___ was a leading cause of death; today ___ is a leading cause of death.
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infectious disease; chronic illness
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"Euthanasia" refers to:
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assisting in the death of a person who suffers from a terminal illness
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About what share of U.S. physicians are women?
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30%
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Magnet schools encourage:
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students to specialize in specific areas of study
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What is an example of a chronic illness?
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cancer
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Society shapes human health because:
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cultural patterns define what is or is not healthy, social inequality affects health, techonology affects health
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Sociologists claim that the main reason that many young people in the U.S. experience confusion during adolscence is:
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cultural inconsistency in defining this stage of life partly childlike and partly adultlike
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According to Erving Goffman, the goal of a total institution is:
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to radically alter a person's personality or behavior
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Centuries ago in Europe, ___ was a leading cause of death; today ___ is a leading cause of death.
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infectious disease; chronic illness
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"Euthanasia" refers to:
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assisting in the death of a person who suffers from a terminal illness
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About what share of U.S. physicians are women?
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30%
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Magnet schools encourage:
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students to specialize in specific areas of study
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What is an example of a chronic illness?
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cancer
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Society shapes human health because:
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cultural patterns define what is or is not healthy, social inequality affects health, techonology affects health
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Sociologists claim that the main reason that many young people in the U.S. experience confusion during adolscence is:
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cultural inconsistency in defining this stage of life partly childlike and partly adultlike
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According to Erving Goffman, the goal of a total institution is:
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to radically alter a person's personality or behavior
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Centuries ago in Europe, ___ was a leading cause of death; today ___ is a leading cause of death.
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infectious disease; chronic illness
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"Euthanasia" refers to:
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assisting in the death of a person who suffers from a terminal illness
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About what share of U.S. physicians are women?
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30%
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Magnet schools encourage:
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students to specialize in specific areas of study
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What is an example of a chronic illness?
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cancer
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Society shapes human health because:
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cultural patterns define what is or is not healthy, social inequality affects health, techonology affects health
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